2024年11月13日 星期三

日本東京靖國神社

 這一次我們170人組成的台日友好訪問團,在抵達東京的第一天,即11月8日下午,就趕到了位於九段下的靖國神社去參拜。


由於週末交通堵塞,比預定時間晚了近30分鐘才到達。日本前首相安倍晉三的夫人昭惠女士,以及參議院議員山谷惠理子女士,早早的就到了神社,靜靜地站在門口等待台灣朋友們的到來。


靖國神社的最高負責人大塚海夫宮司,也專程出來接待我們。他以前是海上自衛隊的中將,曾擔任海上自衛隊聯合艦隊的司令官。幾年前我曾經到東京的海軍軍官學校演講,大塚中將是該校校長,一身戎裝、英俊挺拔。沒想到幾年不見,他換上了雪白的神主服裝,令我感覺恍如隔世。


大塚宮司向台灣朋友們介紹了靖國神社的歷史,告訴大家靖國神社中奉祀著27,600多柱台籍日本兵的英靈,感謝台灣的朋友們專程趕來拜祭。


安倍夫人也向大家表達了謝意,同時強調「靖國神社是祈禱和平的地方,絕不可能幫助軍國主義復活,請大家千萬不要誤解」。這句話讓人影響深刻。


然後,大家隨著神職人員在拜殿接受驅邪之後,從旁邊的迴廊前往裡面的本殿。本殿不讓拍照。內飾非常樸素,但顯得十分莊嚴。170人分成兩組,向正面的御鏡獻上「玉串」,然後按照神道教的儀式專心致志地完成「二禮、二拍手、一禮」。走出本殿,在迴廊獲賜神酒之後,升殿參拜結束。


全程不過20分鐘,但結束之後,有好幾位參加的朋友,專程跑到我身邊,拉著我的手表示感謝。一位來自台北的老先生說,自己的大伯20歲那一年戰死,之後一直奉祀在這裡。祖父和父親一直把這件事掛在心裡,但沒有機會前來參拜。80年過去了,自己終於有機會能代表家族來看望大伯,了卻長輩們的心願。


還有一位80歲的女士也跑來跟我說,自己的舅舅奉祀在這裡。雖然沒有見過,但小時候經常聽外祖母和母親提起。尤其是外祖母,每次提到兒子時都痛哭流涕。今天自己站在本殿前,面對著「御鏡」,感覺就像代表外婆來看兒子一樣,心情非常激動。


當初安排行程的時候,我只是覺得靖國神社和台灣也有關係,應該帶大家來看一看。沒有想到能夠幫助很多人了卻多年的心願。愈發覺得和平的重要性。同時也感到,台灣和日本,根本就是一家人。


#矢板明夫

2024年11月12日 星期二

Óbidos, Portugal.



Óbidos (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɔβiðuʃ]; Proto-Celtic: *Eburobrittium) is a town (Portuguese: vila) and a municipality in the Oeste Subregion in Portugal. The town proper has approximately 3100 inhabitants. The municipality population in 2011 was 11,772,[1] in an area of 141.55 square kilometres (54.65 square miles).[2]


Contents [hide]
1History
2Geography
3Tourism
3.1Óbidos Medieval Market
4See also
5References
6External links
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93bidos,_Portugal


蔣勳

Obidos的城牆高大完整,走一圈,大概對古代城市的結構有具體了解。
例如,如果在清代,台北的北門、南門、西門、東門,用城牆連起來大概就是一個城市的尺度了吧⋯⋯
Obidos也差不多,在高約十公尺的城牆上走,可以看到四周保留完整的城牆,牆頭有步道,有箭垛,敵人來襲,不容易進攻。

人類的歷史往往因爲一個物質科技的出現就全然改變了,例如火藥槍炮,城市高大厚實的牆頃刻摧毀了,例如汽車、火車出現,城市的尺度也即刻改變了,步行、牛車或騎馬,清代的人很難想像今天台北的尺度空間吧?
我們改變了什麼?我們在快速改變中相信什麼?智慧型手機的出現,短短時間,人類有多麽根本的生活變化?
坐在城頭我做如是想⋯⋯


Óbidos
A view of Óbidos
A view of Óbidos
Flag of Óbidos
Coat of arms of Óbidos
Coordinates: 39°21′29″N 9°9′28″W
Country Portugal
RegionOeste e Vale do Tejo
Intermunic. comm.Oeste
DistrictLeiria
Parishes7
Government
 • PresidentHumberto da Silva Marques (PPD-PSD)
Area
 • Total141.55 km2 (54.65 sq mi)
Elevation
49 m (161 ft)
Highest elevation
221 m (725 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2015)
 • Total11,617
 • Density82/km2 (210/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC±00:00 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (WEST)
Postal code
2510
Area code262
PatronSanta Maria
Websitewww.cm-obidos.pt

Óbidos (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɔβiðuʃ] Proto-Celtic: *Eburobrittium) is a town and a municipality in the Oeste region, historical province of Estremadura and the Leiria district. The town proper has approximately 3,100 inhabitants. The municipality population in 2011 was 11,772[1] covering an area of 141.55 square kilometres (54.65 square miles).[2]

History

[edit]
The castle and wall of Óbidos, view from the west.
Azulejo in an Óbidos city gate
Top view of Santa Maria

The name "Óbidos" is a Latinised (oppidum, citadel) derivation of the older Celtic "Eburobricio". The municipality grew from a Roman settlement near the foothills of an elevated escarpment. The region of Óbidos, extending from the Atlantic to the interior of Estremadura Province along the rivers and lakes has been inhabited since the late Paleolithic.[3] A settlement, constructed by early Celt tribes, was later a centre of trade for the Phoenicians.[3] Archeological evidence from the base of the medieval tower (south of Facho) at Óbidos Castle indicates Roman construction linked to an outpost of the Roman civitas of Eburobrittium, a large urban area that has been under excavation.[3] Archeological surveys determined the remains of a forumbaths and other Roman structures near the settlement.

After the fall of Rome, the region came under the influence of the Visigoths, although specific records are missing. The Roman town of Eburobrittium was abandoned in the 5th century for the more secure hilltop where today the principal settlement is located. Sometime after 713 the Moors established a fortification on this mountain, while a Christian community of Mozarabs lived in the Moncharro neighbourhood.

The city was taken from the Moors during the reign of the first King of Portugal, Afonso Henriques, in 1148. Tradition states that one knight, Gonçalo Mendes da Maia, was responsible for the successful storming of the Moorish castle.[3] The retaking of Óbidos was the final stage in the conquest of the Estremadura Province region, after the settlements of SantarémLisbon and Torres Vedras. Following the control of the region, the settlement received its first foral (charter) in 1195, during the reign of King Sancho I. In 1210, King Afonso II gave the title of this village to Queen Urraca. Since then, Óbidos has often been patronized by the Queens of Portugal, giving rise to its informal title as Vila das Rainhas (English: town of the Queens); several royal consorts enriched the village with donations from the Middle Ages until the 16th century.[3]

The castle and walls of Óbidos were remodelled during the reign of King Dinis I.[3] The limestone and marble structure was strengthened and elaborated, while the keep was created in the 14th century, by King Fernando. By the time of the first remodelling project, the settlement had also grown beyond the gates of the castle.

The Church of Santa Maria in Óbidos was the setting for the wedding of King Afonso V to his cousin, Princess Isabella of Coimbra, on 15 August 1441, when they were both still children aged 9 and 10, respectively.[3] Administrative reforms conducted by King Manuel I at Óbidos in 1513, included the institution of a formal charter and major requalification of the urban area.[3]

The 1755 earthquake caused damage to the village walls, a few churches, and many buildings, and resulted in the loss of architecture of Arab and Medieval inspiration.[3] Similarly, the Peninsular Wars were fought in the vicinity of Óbidos, including the Battle of Roliça.[3] More recently, the village was a centre of government and meeting place for those involved in the 1974 Carnation Revolution, linking it to the armed forces movement revolt.[3]

Geography

[edit]
Main street of Óbidos
17 Facts You May Not Know About Portugal:
1. Portugal is home to Europe's westernmost point, Cabo da Roca, located near Lisbon. It's not just a picturesque spot but also holds historical significance as it marks the edge of the European continent.
2.The University of Coimbra, established in 1290, is one of the oldest universities in continuous operation in the world. Its Joanina Library, built in the 18th century, is renowned for its exquisite Baroque style and houses thousands of ancient books.
3. Portuguese is the official language of not only Portugal but also of Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe, making it one of the most widely spoken languages globally.
4. Porto, Portugal's second-largest city, is famous for its production of port wine. The wine is produced exclusively in the Douro Valley and aged in cellars along the Douro River before being shipped from Porto.
5. Portugal is the world's largest cork producer and exporter, with much of its cork harvested from the cork oak trees that blanket the country's landscape.
6. The Vasco da Gama Bridge in Lisbon is one of the longest bridges in Europe, spanning the Tagus River at a length of over 17 kilometers (about 11 miles). It's named after the famous Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama.
7. Portugal's Algarve region boasts some of Europe's most stunning beaches, attracting millions of tourists each year. However, beyond its beaches, the region also offers picturesque fishing villages, dramatic cliffs, and a rich cultural heritage.
8. The Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, located in the North Atlantic Ocean, is composed of nine volcanic islands. It's a paradise for nature lovers, offering unique landscapes, hot springs, and opportunities for whale watching.
9. Portugal is home to one of the world's oldest bookshops, Livraria Bertrand, which opened its doors in 1732 in Lisbon. It holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest operating bookstore.
10. The Portuguese love their seafood, and one of their traditional dishes is "Bacalhau à Brás," a flavorful combination of salted cod, onions, potatoes, and eggs.
11. The country has a rich tradition of fado music, characterized by its soulful melodies and melancholic lyrics. It's often performed in intimate settings known as "fado houses," particularly in Lisbon's historic neighborhoods.
12. The Alentejo region in southern Portugal is known for its vast cork oak forests, rolling plains, and medieval hilltop towns. It's a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of city life, offering visitors a glimpse into traditional Portuguese culture.
13. Portugal has a long history of seafaring exploration, with renowned explorers like Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan, and Bartolomeu Dias. Their voyages played a significant role in shaping world history during the Age of Discovery.
14. The Portuguese town of Óbidos is famous for its well-preserved medieval walls and picturesque streets. It's also known for its annual chocolate festival, where visitors can indulge in a variety of chocolate treats.
15. Portugal has a rich tradition of ceramic tiles, known as azulejos, which adorn buildings, churches, and palaces across the country. These intricately designed tiles often depict historical scenes, religious motifs, and geometric patterns.
16. The Tower of Belém, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Lisbon, was built in the early 16th century as a fortress to defend the city's harbor. It's a stunning example of Manueline architecture, adorned with intricate carvings and maritime symbols.
17. Portugal is one of the sunniest countries in Europe, with over 3,000 hours of sunshine per year on average. Its mild climate, combined with its diverse landscapes, makes it an ideal destination for outdoor activities year-round.
可能是地圖和文字的圖像






Portugal: Europe’s Most Compelling New Food Destination


17 Facts You May Not Know About Portugal:
1. Portugal is home to Europe's westernmost point, Cabo da Roca, located near Lisbon. It's not just a picturesque spot but also holds historical significance as it marks the edge of the European continent.
2.The University of Coimbra, established in 1290, is one of the oldest universities in continuous operation in the world. Its Joanina Library, built in the 18th century, is renowned for its exquisite Baroque style and houses thousands of ancient books.
3. Portuguese is the official language of not only Portugal but also of Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe, making it one of the most widely spoken languages globally.
4. Porto, Portugal's second-largest city, is famous for its production of port wine. The wine is produced exclusively in the Douro Valley and aged in cellars along the Douro River before being shipped from Porto.
5. Portugal is the world's largest cork producer and exporter, with much of its cork harvested from the cork oak trees that blanket the country's landscape.
6. The Vasco da Gama Bridge in Lisbon is one of the longest bridges in Europe, spanning the Tagus River at a length of over 17 kilometers (about 11 miles). It's named after the famous Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama.
7. Portugal's Algarve region boasts some of Europe's most stunning beaches, attracting millions of tourists each year. However, beyond its beaches, the region also offers picturesque fishing villages, dramatic cliffs, and a rich cultural heritage.
8. The Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, located in the North Atlantic Ocean, is composed of nine volcanic islands. It's a paradise for nature lovers, offering unique landscapes, hot springs, and opportunities for whale watching.
9. Portugal is home to one of the world's oldest bookshops, Livraria Bertrand, which opened its doors in 1732 in Lisbon. It holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest operating bookstore.
10. The Portuguese love their seafood, and one of their traditional dishes is "Bacalhau à Brás," a flavorful combination of salted cod, onions, potatoes, and eggs.
11. The country has a rich tradition of fado music, characterized by its soulful melodies and melancholic lyrics. It's often performed in intimate settings known as "fado houses," particularly in Lisbon's historic neighborhoods.
12. The Alentejo region in southern Portugal is known for its vast cork oak forests, rolling plains, and medieval hilltop towns. It's a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of city life, offering visitors a glimpse into traditional Portuguese culture.
13. Portugal has a long history of seafaring exploration, with renowned explorers like Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan, and Bartolomeu Dias. Their voyages played a significant role in shaping world history during the Age of Discovery.
14. The Portuguese town of Óbidos is famous for its well-preserved medieval walls and picturesque streets. It's also known for its annual chocolate festival, where visitors can indulge in a variety of chocolate treats.
15. Portugal has a rich tradition of ceramic tiles, known as azulejos, which adorn buildings, churches, and palaces across the country. These intricately designed tiles often depict historical scenes, religious motifs, and geometric patterns.
16. The Tower of Belém, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Lisbon, was built in the early 16th century as a fortress to defend the city's harbor. It's a stunning example of Manueline architecture, adorned with intricate carvings and maritime symbols.
17. Portugal is one of the sunniest countries in Europe, with over 3,000 hours of sunshine per year on average. Its mild climate, combined with its diverse landscapes, makes it an ideal destination for outdoor activities year-round.
可能是地圖和文字的圖像




Length897 km (557 mi)
Basin98,400 km2 (37,992 sq mi)
Dischargefor Porto
 - average700 m3/s (24,720 cu ft/s)
 - max17,000 m3/s (600,349 cu ft/s)
Discharge elsewhere (average)
 - Pocinho442 m3/s (15,609 cu ft/s)
Wikimedia Commons: Douro River



Word is getting out about the unexpected excellence of the food in Portugal's Douro Valley.

Until recently the buzz was all about the wine in Portugal’s Douro River Valley. Now the restaurant scene is finally catching up. A guide to the best…
WSJ.COM|由 ALEXANDER LOBRANO 上傳