天津爆炸現場多大？天津爆炸污染物控制進展緩慢

看過許多天津暴炸的照片，才了解以前當兵時的"讀空照圖訓練"等不切實，因為不了解當地的距離或照片的比例。希望有人告訴我。


爆炸核心區域被大量化學品炸出的大洞，初步測量直徑60公尺，深7公尺，顯見爆炸的超強威力。 


逾24億元汽車墳場距離爆炸中心約400米處，是天津港的進口汽車停車場，面積約6個足球場，爆炸前停泊近6000輛進口新車。這批價值逾24億港元 ...共有七個貨櫃爆炸，爆炸威力強大，面積達五千三百平方 /爆炸面積達二萬多平方公尺。爆炸面积约5300平方。 據報導，出事的倉庫儲存大量危險品，與最近的民居相隔不到600米。 由於瑞海公司危險品倉庫佔地約四萬六千平方米，

Tianjin Officials Struggle to Contain Fallout as Angry Relatives Demand Answers

By ANDREW JACOBS August 17, 2015

天津爆炸污染物控制進展緩慢

傑安迪2015年8月17日

BEIJING — The authorities in the port city of Tianjin in northern China struggled to contain contamination from an enormous chemical fire on Saturday amid mounting frustration from people demanding information about missing loved ones.

北京——上週六，在中國北方港口城市天津，政府在遏制重大化學品火災導致的污染時步履維艱，而要求披露失踪親人信息的民眾越來越感到失望。

Orders for a large-scale evacuation of the neighborhoods closest to the blast were quickly rescinded, underscoring the government's halting efforts to cope with one of China's worst industrial accidents in recent years.

大規模疏散爆炸點附近街區的命令很快被取消，突顯了政府在應對中國近年來最嚴重的工業事故時的猶豫不決。

Explosions and fires late Wednesday at a warehouse at the city's Binhai New Area port killed at least 112 people, though the death toll is expected to rise considerably as more victims are discovered in the rubble of burned-out port buildings and the piles of toppled shipping containers.

上週三晚，在天津濱海新區港口一個倉庫發生的爆炸和火災造成至少112人喪生，但隨著越來越多的遇難者屍體在燒毀的港口建築物以及傾倒的航運集裝箱中被發現，死亡人數預計將大幅上升。

European Pressphoto Agency

天津港大爆炸現場。

Among the missing are scores of firefighters who were presumably overcome by two fireballs so huge they were captured by satellite cameras. The percussive force of the blasts damaged buildings and blew out windows nearly two miles away, injuring hundreds of people in their apartments in Tianjin, China's third-largest city and about 90 miles from Beijing.

失踪人員中包括數十名消防員，估計他們被兩個巨大火球所吞噬。這兩個火球相當巨大，連衛星攝像頭都可捕捉到其畫面。爆炸的衝擊力損壞了近兩英里（約合三公里）之外的建築物，擊碎了住宅樓的窗戶，導致數以百計的人在家中受傷。天津是中國第三個直轄市，距離北京約90英里。

The company that owned the warehouse where the blasts originated, Rui Hai International Logistics, appears to have violated Chinese law by operating close to apartment buildings and worker dormitories. Residents say they were unaware that the company was handling dangerous materials.

爆炸始於瑞海國際物流的一座倉庫。該公司似乎違反了中國法律，在如此靠近住宅樓和職工宿舍的地方運營。居民們說，他們不知道該公司在儲運危險化學品。

On Saturday morning, distraught relatives holding up handwritten lists of names stormed a news conference in Tianjin and demanded information about dozens of firefighters whose names did not appear on official lists of the missing and dead.

上週六上午，悲痛欲絕的親屬舉著手寫的姓名清單，衝進天津的新聞發布會現場，要求披露幾十名消防隊員的信息，他們名字沒有出現在官方的失踪和死亡名單中。

“They're only 18, 19 years old,” yelled one woman. “The oldest is only 20 years old. They're only children.”

“參與的18、19歲，”一名婦女喊道。“最大的只有20歲，他們還是孩子。”

A police official at the news conference, seeking to calm the crowd, expressed empathy. “Not a single police officer death has been reported,” he told them. “Everyone from our whole police station is gone.”

新聞發布會上，一名試圖讓人群平靜下來的警官表示了同情。“公安干警一個沒報，”他告訴他們。“我們一個派出所都沒了……”

The newspaper Southern People Weekly detailed the exchange on its microblog account, but the posts were later deleted.

《南方人物周刊》的微博賬號詳述了這個對話，但帖子後來被刪除。

More than three days after the blasts, the authorities have still been unable to identify the toxic chemicals smoldering at the site of the destroyed warehouse, a temporary depot for substances that are some of the chemical industry's most volatile and toxic.

爆炸發生逾三天后，當局仍無法確定是哪些有毒化學品在這座毀損的倉庫處悶燒。該倉庫是是一個臨時存儲點，存放著化工行業最不穩定、毒性最大的一些物質。

On Saturday, Chinese news outlets reported that a customs authority inventory did not match the list of stored goods provided by Rui Hai employees, suggesting that the company may have been illegally transporting chemicals. “Some relevant people indicated that the differences in the information point to the possibility of smuggling,” the newsmagazine Caijing wrote on its website.

上週六，中國新聞媒體報導，海關的數據和瑞海職工提供存儲貨物清單並不一致，這表明該公司可能在非法儲運化學品。“一名接近海關的人士表示，據此分析，瑞海可能涉嫌走私，” 新聞雜誌《財經》的網站上寫道。

Investigators have so far confirmed only the presence of sodium cyanide, a highly toxic substance that has already seeped into drainage pipes beneath the port facilities. A report in The Beijing News said Rui Hai had been illegally storing some of the chemicals outdoors in “metal buckets and wooden crates.” Additionally, the report said there might have been as much as 700 tons of sodium cyanide at the site, far in excess of the 10 tons it was licensed to handle.

迄今為止，調查人員只確認了現場存放有氰化鈉，這種劇毒物質已經滲透到了港口設施下方的排水管。《新京報》的一篇報導稱，瑞海公司非法用“金屬桶和木箱”在露天存儲了一些化學品。該報導還表示，現場有可能存放了多達700噸氰化鈉，遠遠超過了規定的最大暫存量10噸。

Experts have expressed concern about forecasts of rain, saying precipitation could spread the contamination beyond the immediate blast zone. In addition to sending a team of hazardous materials experts, the authorities have been trying to prevent rain from falling on the area, the state media said , presumably by firing silver-iodide rockets into approaching storm clouds.

專家們擔心會下雨，稱下雨會使污染物蔓延至爆炸區域以外的地方。官方媒體報導稱，除了派遣一支危險品專家組，當局還設法為該地區消雨，預計應該是向迫近的雷雨雲發射碘化銀火箭彈。

Among those reportedly sent to help identify the chemicals were employees of the agency that manages the sprawling port. In a posting on WeChat, a popular messaging app, one man expressed alarm that his wife and her co-workers were being trained to survey areas outside the disaster's epicenter for stray chemicals.

據稱，被派去幫助確認化學物質的人員包括該龐大港口的管理機構的員工。一名男子在微信發布帖子警告稱，他的妻子及其同事接受了培訓，前往災難中心以外的地方查找散落的化學品。

“It was ordered by the chairwoman of Tianjin Port, who is betting the health and lives of ordinary employees just for her political career,” wrote the man, who declined to give his name during a brief phone conversation, saying he did not want to endanger his wife's job.

這名男子寫道，“這指令是天津港的董事長給下的，她為了政績，這是拿我們普通員工的健康和生命做賭注，”這名男子在接受簡短的電話訪問期間拒絕透露姓名，稱他不想危及妻子的工作。

On Saturday morning, according to The Beijing News, volunteers with loudspeakers roamed Binhai's residential areas telling people to move beyond a radius of nearly two miles from the blast site. Evacuees were reportedly told to wear masks and long pants.

據《新京報》報導，攜帶揚聲器的志願者在濱海居民區走來走去，告訴人們轉移到距離爆炸核心區三公里以外的地方。據稱，疏散人員被告知戴上口罩，穿上長褲。

“Out of consideration for toxic substances spreading, the masses nearby have been asked to evacuate,” the state Xinhua news agency said in a Twitter post.

新華社在Twitter發布帖子稱，“出於對有毒物質擴散的考慮，附近群眾被要求撤離。”

But shortly afterward, local officials described the evacuation orders as a misunderstanding, perhaps prompted by a shift in wind direction that forced emergency workers to move their temporary command headquarters.

但不久之後，當地官員稱疏散命令是一個誤解，可能是風向轉變迫使急救人員轉移臨時指揮部的舉措引發的。

In the meantime, propaganda officials continued to aggressively manage news coverage of the disaster. The state media on Saturday featured moving tales of heroism and survival — including the rescue of a 50-year-old man found in a battered shipping container — while censors worked to delete social media posts criticizing the paucity of information or suggesting an official cover-up.

與此同時，宣傳官員繼續大力控制災難新聞報導。官方媒體在周六報導了一些有關英雄主義和生存的感人故事——比如救援人員在一個破集裝箱內發現了一名50歲男子，審查機構則在努力刪除社交媒體上批評信息缺乏或暗示官方進行掩蓋的帖子。

On Saturday, the Cyberspace Administration of China said ithad suspended or shut down 360 social media accounts for spreading rumors and misinformation about the catastrophe, according to Xinhua. Among those punished were “star bloggers” accused of causing “panic by comparing the blast to the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.”

據新華社報導，週六，國 ​​家互聯網信息辦公室表示，該機構已經暫停或關閉了360個傳播爆炸事故謠言及錯誤信息的社交媒體賬號，其中包括將一些將“天津爆炸事故與廣島、長崎原子彈爆炸相關聯，渲染恐怖氣氛”的“大V”。

本文內容版權歸紐約時報公司所有，任何單位及個人未經許可，不得擅自轉載或翻譯。

傑安迪(Andrew Jacobs)是《紐約時報》駐京記者。

Yufan Huang有報導貢獻。