Óbidos, Portugal.

Óbidos (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɔβiðuʃ]; Proto-Celtic: *Eburobrittium) is a town (Portuguese: vila) and a municipality in the Oeste Subregion in Portugal. The town proper has approximately 3100 inhabitants. The municipality population in 2011 was 11,772,[1] in an area of 141.55 square kilometres (54.65 square miles).[2]


Contents [hide]
1History
2Geography
3Tourism
3.1Óbidos Medieval Market
4See also
5References
6External links
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93bidos,_Portugal


蔣勳

Obidos的城牆高大完整，走一圈，大概對古代城市的結構有具體了解。
例如，如果在清代，台北的北門、南門、西門、東門，用城牆連起來大概就是一個城市的尺度了吧⋯⋯
Obidos也差不多，在高約十公尺的城牆上走，可以看到四周保留完整的城牆，牆頭有步道，有箭垛，敵人來襲，不容易進攻。

人類的歷史往往因爲一個物質科技的出現就全然改變了，例如火藥槍炮，城市高大厚實的牆頃刻摧毀了，例如汽車、火車出現，城市的尺度也即刻改變了，步行、牛車或騎馬，清代的人很難想像今天台北的尺度空間吧？
我們改變了什麼？我們在快速改變中相信什麼？智慧型手機的出現，短短時間，人類有多麽根本的生活變化？
坐在城頭我做如是想⋯⋯

Óbidos
Municipality
A view of Óbidos
Flag Coat of arms
Coordinates: 39°21′29″N 9°9′28″W
Country	Portugal
Region	Oeste e Vale do Tejo
Intermunic. comm.	Oeste
District	Leiria
Parishes	7
Government
• President	Humberto da Silva Marques (PPD-PSD)
Area
• Total	141.55 km2 (54.65 sq mi)
Elevation	49 m (161 ft)
Highest elevation	221 m (725 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population  (2015)
• Total	11,617
• Density	82/km2 (210/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC±00:00 (WET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+01:00 (WEST)
Postal code	2510
Area code	262
Patron	Santa Maria
Website	www.cm-obidos.pt

Óbidos (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɔβiðuʃ] ^ⓘ; Proto-Celtic: *Eburobrittium) is a town and a municipality in the Oeste region, historical province of Estremadura and the Leiria district. The town proper has approximately 3,100 inhabitants. The municipality population in 2011 was 11,772^[1] covering an area of 141.55 square kilometres (54.65 square miles).^[2]

History

[edit]

The castle and wall of Óbidos, view from the west.

Azulejo in an Óbidos city gate

Top view of Santa Maria

The name "Óbidos" is a Latinised (oppidum, citadel) derivation of the older Celtic "Eburobricio". The municipality grew from a Roman settlement near the foothills of an elevated escarpment. The region of Óbidos, extending from the Atlantic to the interior of Estremadura Province along the rivers and lakes has been inhabited since the late Paleolithic.^[3] A settlement, constructed by early Celt tribes, was later a centre of trade for the Phoenicians.^[3] Archeological evidence from the base of the medieval tower (south of Facho) at Óbidos Castle indicates Roman construction linked to an outpost of the Roman civitas of Eburobrittium, a large urban area that has been under excavation.^[3] Archeological surveys determined the remains of a forum, baths and other Roman structures near the settlement.

After the fall of Rome, the region came under the influence of the Visigoths, although specific records are missing. The Roman town of Eburobrittium was abandoned in the 5th century for the more secure hilltop where today the principal settlement is located. Sometime after 713 the Moors established a fortification on this mountain, while a Christian community of Mozarabs lived in the Moncharro neighbourhood.

The city was taken from the Moors during the reign of the first King of Portugal, Afonso Henriques, in 1148. Tradition states that one knight, Gonçalo Mendes da Maia, was responsible for the successful storming of the Moorish castle.^[3] The retaking of Óbidos was the final stage in the conquest of the Estremadura Province region, after the settlements of Santarém, Lisbon and Torres Vedras. Following the control of the region, the settlement received its first foral (charter) in 1195, during the reign of King Sancho I. In 1210, King Afonso II gave the title of this village to Queen Urraca. Since then, Óbidos has often been patronized by the Queens of Portugal, giving rise to its informal title as Vila das Rainhas (English: town of the Queens); several royal consorts enriched the village with donations from the Middle Ages until the 16th century.^[3]

The castle and walls of Óbidos were remodelled during the reign of King Dinis I.^[3] The limestone and marble structure was strengthened and elaborated, while the keep was created in the 14th century, by King Fernando. By the time of the first remodelling project, the settlement had also grown beyond the gates of the castle.

The Church of Santa Maria in Óbidos was the setting for the wedding of King Afonso V to his cousin, Princess Isabella of Coimbra, on 15 August 1441, when they were both still children aged 9 and 10, respectively.^[3] Administrative reforms conducted by King Manuel I at Óbidos in 1513, included the institution of a formal charter and major requalification of the urban area.^[3]

The 1755 earthquake caused damage to the village walls, a few churches, and many buildings, and resulted in the loss of architecture of Arab and Medieval inspiration.^[3] Similarly, the Peninsular Wars were fought in the vicinity of Óbidos, including the Battle of Roliça.^[3] More recently, the village was a centre of government and meeting place for those involved in the 1974 Carnation Revolution, linking it to the armed forces movement revolt.^[3]

Geography

[edit]

Main street of Óbidos

17 Facts You May Not Know About Portugal:

1. Portugal is home to Europe's westernmost point, Cabo da Roca, located near Lisbon. It's not just a picturesque spot but also holds historical significance as it marks the edge of the European continent.

2.The University of Coimbra, established in 1290, is one of the oldest universities in continuous operation in the world. Its Joanina Library, built in the 18th century, is renowned for its exquisite Baroque style and houses thousands of ancient books.

3. Portuguese is the official language of not only Portugal but also of Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe, making it one of the most widely spoken languages globally.

4. Porto, Portugal's second-largest city, is famous for its production of port wine. The wine is produced exclusively in the Douro Valley and aged in cellars along the Douro River before being shipped from Porto.

5. Portugal is the world's largest cork producer and exporter, with much of its cork harvested from the cork oak trees that blanket the country's landscape.

6. The Vasco da Gama Bridge in Lisbon is one of the longest bridges in Europe, spanning the Tagus River at a length of over 17 kilometers (about 11 miles). It's named after the famous Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama.

7. Portugal's Algarve region boasts some of Europe's most stunning beaches, attracting millions of tourists each year. However, beyond its beaches, the region also offers picturesque fishing villages, dramatic cliffs, and a rich cultural heritage.

8. The Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, located in the North Atlantic Ocean, is composed of nine volcanic islands. It's a paradise for nature lovers, offering unique landscapes, hot springs, and opportunities for whale watching.

9. Portugal is home to one of the world's oldest bookshops, Livraria Bertrand, which opened its doors in 1732 in Lisbon. It holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest operating bookstore.

10. The Portuguese love their seafood, and one of their traditional dishes is "Bacalhau à Brás," a flavorful combination of salted cod, onions, potatoes, and eggs.

11. The country has a rich tradition of fado music, characterized by its soulful melodies and melancholic lyrics. It's often performed in intimate settings known as "fado houses," particularly in Lisbon's historic neighborhoods.

12. The Alentejo region in southern Portugal is known for its vast cork oak forests, rolling plains, and medieval hilltop towns. It's a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of city life, offering visitors a glimpse into traditional Portuguese culture.

13. Portugal has a long history of seafaring exploration, with renowned explorers like Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan, and Bartolomeu Dias. Their voyages played a significant role in shaping world history during the Age of Discovery.

14. The Portuguese town of Óbidos is famous for its well-preserved medieval walls and picturesque streets. It's also known for its annual chocolate festival, where visitors can indulge in a variety of chocolate treats.

15. Portugal has a rich tradition of ceramic tiles, known as azulejos, which adorn buildings, churches, and palaces across the country. These intricately designed tiles often depict historical scenes, religious motifs, and geometric patterns.

16. The Tower of Belém, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Lisbon, was built in the early 16th century as a fortress to defend the city's harbor. It's a stunning example of Manueline architecture, adorned with intricate carvings and maritime symbols.

17. Portugal is one of the sunniest countries in Europe, with over 3,000 hours of sunshine per year on average. Its mild climate, combined with its diverse landscapes, makes it an ideal destination for outdoor activities year-round.