印度總理莫迪（右）與中國國家主席習近平在印度馬馬拉普拉姆的歷史遺址前握手（2019年10月11日）。
前往印度清奈附近的马马拉普拉姆（Mahabalipuram），探索古代巨石雕刻、寺庙与遗迹，重回古代帕拉瓦王朝，感受达罗毗荼的建筑风格特色，流露出对印度神祇的虔诚信仰。沿着乌木海岸，欣赏海岸神庙、毗湿奴石窟、克里须那圆球等众多巨石观光 ...
这次中印两国领导人非正式会晤选择的地点是在印度金奈南部的小镇马马拉普拉姆，这里到底有什么特别之处，跟随记者到小镇来看一看。
央视记者 王建兵：这里就是这次中印领导人第二次非正式会晤所选择的见面的地方，金奈南部约60公里一个叫马马拉普拉姆的小镇。这个小镇非常有名，一是这里的文化古迹非常多，另外在与中国交往上，也有很深的历史渊源。下面就随我们的镜头一起到这个小镇去一探究竟。
小镇马马拉普拉姆曾是古代中国和印度“丝绸之路”和“香料之路”的交汇点，公元7世纪，中国唐代高僧玄奘还曾来到马马拉普拉姆参访。1000多年前这里曾是南亚次大陆的商贸重镇。
列入世界文化遗产名录的马哈巴利普拉姆的古遗迹群也记录着这里的繁华。古遗迹群有3个地方远近闻名，分别是海岸神庙、五车神庙和阿朱那石雕。他们分别修建于公元7到8世纪。
这就是海岸神庙。它也是南印度现存最古老的岩石结构神庙。
五车神庙的每部马车完全由整块花岗岩从上至下一点点雕刻而成，在印度神庙建筑风格中独创一派。
古遗迹群中第三处是阿朱那石雕。石雕整体在一块15米宽、30米长的岩石上雕刻而成，它也是印度最大的浮雕。
这些古遗迹群展示的精湛雕刻艺术令人赞叹，而至今当地村民还把雕刻当作谋生的重要手段。在小镇上不时可以看到一家家出售雕刻艺术品的商店。当地人介绍，全镇至少有5000名石刻艺人，石刻世家比比皆是。这个小镇已经是印度有名的雕刻之乡，村民自豪地说，他们的雕刻作品经常出口到欧洲、中东等地，他们希望有一天中国人也能爱上自己的石刻作品。
（央视记者 王建兵）
Mamallapuram, also known as Mahabalipuram, is a town in Chengalpattu district in the southeastern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, best known for the UNESCO World Heritage Site of 7th- and 8th-century Hindu Group of Monuments at Mamallapuram.[1]
Mamallapuram was one of two major port cities by the 7th century within the Pallava kingdom. The town was named after Pallava king Narasimhavarman I, who was also known as Mahamalla. Along with economic prosperity, it became the site of a group of royal monuments, many carved out of the living rock. These are dated to the 7th and 8th centuries: rathas (temples in the form of chariots), mandapas (cave sanctuaries), the giant open-air rock relief the Descent of the Ganges, and the Shore Temple dedicated to Shiva, Durga, Vishnu, Krishna and others.[1][3] The contemporary town plan was established by the British Raj in 1827.[4]
Name[edit]
Mamallapuram is also known by other names such as Mamallapattana and Mahabalipuram. Another name by which Mamallapuram has been known to mariners, at least since Marco Polo’s time is "Seven Pagodas" alluding to the Seven Pagodas of Mamallapuram that stood on the shore, of which one, the Shore Temple, survives.[5]
History[edit]
Neolithic burial urn, cairn circles and jars with burials dating to the 1st century BCE have been discovered near Mamallapuram. The Sangam age poem Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai relates the rule of King Thondaiman Ilam Thiraiyar at Kanchipuram of the Tondai Nadu port Nirppeyyaru which scholars identify with the present-day Mamallapuram. Chinese coins and Roman coins of Theodosius I in the 4th century CE have been found at Mamallapuram revealing the port as an active hub of global trade in the late classical period. Two Pallava coins bearing legends read as Srihari and Srinidhi have been found at Mamallapuram. The Pallava kings ruled Mamallapuram from Kanchipuram; the capital of the Pallava dynasty from the 3rd century to 9th century CE, and used the port to launch trade and diplomatic missions to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia.
An 8th-century Tamil text written by Thirumangai Alvar described this place as Sea Mountain ‘where the ships rode at anchor bent to the point of breaking laden as they were with wealth, big trunked elephants and gems of nine varieties in heaps’.
The temples of Mamallapuram, portraying events described in the Mahabharata, were built largely during the reigns of King Narasimhavarman and his successor Rajasimhavarman and show the movement from rock-cut architecture to structural building. The city of Mamallapuram was founded by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I in the 7th century AD.[5] The mandapa or pavilions and the rathas or shrines shaped as temple chariots are hewn from the granite rock face, while the famed Shore Temple, erected half a century later, is built from dressed stone. What makes Mamallapuram so culturally resonant are the influences it absorbs and disseminates. The Shore Temple includes many reliefs, including one 100 ft. long and 45 ft. high, carved out of granite.[6]
Mamallapuram
Mahabalipuram
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|---|---|
Town
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The town of Mamallapuram
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Mamallapuram
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| Coordinates: 12°36′59″N 80°11′58″ECoordinates: 12°36′59″N 80°11′58″E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Chengalpattu |
| Elevation | 12 m (39 ft) |
| Population
(2011)
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| • Total | 15,172[1] |
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