Zarqa River.The Ain Ghazal Statues

 

The Ain Ghazal Statues are a number of large-scale lime plaster and reed statues discovered at the archeological site of Ain Ghazal in Jordan, dating back to approximately 9000 years ago. A total of 15 statues and 15 busts were discovered in 1983 and 1985 in two underground caches, created about 200 years apart.

The statues are among the earliest large-scale representations of the human form, and are regarded to be among the most remarkable specimens of prehistoric art from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B or C period. Their purpose remains uncertain.

The figures are of two types, full statues and busts. Some of the busts are two-headed. Great effort was put into modelling the heads, with wide-open eyes and bitumen-outlined irises; the heads were covered with some sort of wig.

The statues were formed by modelling moist plaster from limestone on a reed core using plants that grew along the banks of the Zarqa River. The reed decayed over the millennia, leaving plaster shells with a hollow interior. Lime plaster is formed by heating limestone to temperatures between 600 and 900°C; the product, hydrated lime, is then combined with water to make a dough, which can then be modelled.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Zarqa River
Zarqa River
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Etymology	Arabic زرقاء, "the blue river"[1]
Native name	نهر الزرقاء
Location
Country	Jordan
Governorate	Zarqa Governorate, Jerash Governorate, Balqa Governorate
Cities	Amman, Zarqa, Jerash
Physical characteristics
Source	'Ain Ghazal
• location	Amman
• elevation	776 m (2,546 ft)
Mouth	Jordan River
• elevation	−313 m (−1,027 ft)
Length	65 km (40 mi)
Basin size	3,900 km2 (1,500 sq mi)
Discharge
• location	Jordan River
• minimum	2 m3/s (71 cu ft/s)
• maximum	8 m3/s (280 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Tributaries
• left	Wadi Dhuleil

Zarqa River

The Zarqa River (Arabic: نهر الزرقاء, Nahr az-Zarqāʾ, lit. "the River of the Blue [City]") is the second largest tributary of the lower Jordan River, after the Yarmouk River. It is the third largest river in the region by annual discharge and its watershed encompasses the most densely populated areas east of the Jordan River. The Zarqa rises in springs near Amman, and flows through a deep and broad valley into the Jordan, at an elevation 1,090 metres (3,580 ft) lower.

At its spring lays 'Ain Ghazal (Arabic: عين غزال), a major archaeological site that dates back to the Neolithic. Archaeological finds along the course of the river indicate the area was rich in flora and fauna in the past.

The river is heavily polluted and its restoration is one of the top priorities for the Jordanian Ministry of the Environment.^[2]

Geologically, the Zarqa River is about 30 million years old. It is well known for its amber deposits that date back to the Hauterivian era of the Early Cretaceous, 135 million years ago. A remarkable flora and fauna was reported from this amber reflecting tropical paleoenvironmental conditions prevailing during the time of resin deposition.^[3]