去去去重慶南路一段書街

今早YY傳來此資料 實在是意料中的事 自己也幾乎不去重慶南路一段書街
不過我們台大商圈的書店似乎在十年前就整理過了  現在似乎可撐下去 我逛聯經書店經常看到有人買上千元的書因為學術書一本多五六百元......

書街小檔案

★地點：北巿重慶南路一段
★時間：起源於日據時代，日本人在現今的重慶南路成立台灣書籍株式會社，印製中小學教科書和參考書，吸引大小書局、出版社進駐

★發展：
●1949年國民黨撤退來台，在大陸即享有盛名的中華書局、世界書局、商務印書館等都選在重慶南路復業，帶動書街成形；極盛時期包括周邊巷弄有近百家書店
●1990年起受連鎖書店興起及近年網路書店通路及電子書盛行，目前剩約30家書店，且部分採取和咖啡、麵包店複合經營方式，以增加收益

許 平和說，一九九○年代大型連鎖書店如金石堂等崛起，加上近年網路通路如博客來及電子書風行，更有如書局界的大海嘯，把傳統書店打到一蹶不振，如今重慶南路 書街只剩約三十家業者，以文鼎書局為例，要不是二十年前轉做公職參考書，現在還兼做函授及DVD教材才能撐下來，而三民和五南書局則是緊抓教科書這一塊， 才能免於被淘汰，但獲利較過去已減少約一半。儒 林書局老闆娘張丹梅昨說，在此已工作約二十年，

全盛時期有近百家業者一起打拼，要收有太多不捨，但一個月店租就要二十萬元，收入無法支付開銷。儒林書局老 闆楊先生說，近五年來，每年營收固定以一成的幅度下滑，主因是儒林這種小書店禁不起博客來或家樂福大賣場等通路商的低價折扣促銷競爭，且景氣又不好，希望 政府重視業者面臨的困難。
重慶南路書街上以販售電子、資訊等書籍為主的全友書局，也因生意不佳，預計十月底關閉實體店面。
未走上關店一途的新陸書局則積極轉型，日前在一樓店面前方賣起麵包與甜點，未來還規劃賣咖啡，......

Fukuoka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukuoka - 頁庫存檔 - 翻譯這個網頁

Fukuoka (福岡市, Fukuoka-shi) is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture and is situated on the northern shore of the island of Kyushu in Japan. Ranked as the ...

Uncovering the Secrets of Fukuoka

Hajime Kimura for The New York Times

For the city's famous ramen, head for a yatai, or street cart.

By INGRID K. WILLIAMS

Published: August 24, 2012

THE crowd at Akatan, a narrow, standing bar in the southern Japanese city of Fukuoka, thickened as each glass of sake and shochu was poured. By midnight, strangers had swept my husband, Dave, and me — the only Western faces in the smoky bar — into alcohol-fueled conversations that, with the language barrier, often devolved into comical pantomime. Every time we explained that we were visiting Fukuoka as tourists, the same question arose: “But why?” 

Enlarge This Image

Hajime Kimura for The New York Times

Tenjin, one of several notable shopping neighborhoods.

Enlarge This Image

Hajime Kimura for The New York Times

A beach in the Fukuoka area.

Enlarge This Image

Hajime Kimura for The New York Times

A shop selling handmade purses.

 Despite its many assets, relatively few tourists have discovered Fukuoka. But with a multitude of new transport links, that may soon change. 

Cruise ships began docking in the port three years ago, joining ferries from South Korea and China. In 2011, the Kyushu Shinkansen high-speed rail line was completed, linking Fukuoka to Kagoshima, on the southern tip of Kyushu. And this year, two new low-cost airlines, Peach Aviation and AirAsia Japan, have started flying to Fukuoka from Osaka and Tokyo, respectively. 

To explore the subtle appeal of this often overlooked city, I turned to two local experts, Nick Szasz, a Canadian and 22-year Fukuoka resident, and his wife, Emiko, a Fukuoka native. They run Fukuoka Now, a bilingual monthly magazine with a comprehensive online city guide (fukuoka-now.com). 

Over dinner at the upscale restaurant Yakitori-Hachibei, they told me that Fukuoka has long had a reputation among the Japanese as a great place to live. But it is not thought of as a holiday destination, partly because it lacks a standout attraction.

“The biggest crisis for this city is defining an identity,” Mr. Szasz said. “What we have is great, but how can we brand this?” 

What Fukuoka does have — a little bit of everything — is pretty enticing. West of the city center is the manicured Ohori Park, whose wide walking, jogging and biking paths encircle a lovely artificial lake. On its periphery is the Fukuoka Art Museum, with a plump Yayoi Kusama pumpkin sculpture plopped out front. Nearby is a hilltop with castle ruins and views across the city to Hakata Bay, which is partly lined by a wide beach, also artificial. 

(Getting an overview of the city became easier last year, with the introduction of boat tours on the Naka River. Also, in March bus tours with multilingual commentary were inaugurated.)

An easy 25-minute train trip takes you to Dazaifu, a city with impressive cultural sights. During our early-spring visit, plum blossoms framed the town’s Tenmangu Shrine. A short stroll from there is the Kyushu National Museum, one of Japan’s four national museums, which opened in 2005. Its exterior, a soaring cerulean glass facade that reflects the lush vegetation-covered hills, houses stunning exhibition halls packed with ancient treasures.

But even finer than these sights are Fukuoka’s intangibles: the laid-back atmosphere, the friendly people, the relaxed pace of a city large enough, with about 1.4 million people, to have its own attractions but not so large as to be overwhelming. 

So, compared with navigating Tokyo’s busy subway system or hurrying to visit one last shrine in Kyoto before closing time, taking in the sights in Fukuoka actually feels like a vacation. It’s one that may be spent sipping locally roasted coffee at Manu, a welcoming coffee shop with neon-yellow walls, mellow music and piles of design magazines. Or lounging on the low banquettes, cocktail in hand, at Bar Klug, an elegant, cavelike hideaway. 

Even shopping has an unhurried quality. Sure, big-name brands are on offer in the trendy Daimyo neighborhood and the bustling Tenjin area, where a Barneys New York opened last year. Across town, the JR Hakata City complex packs two department stores and more than 200 shops and restaurants into 11 floors. 

But it’s possible to skip those stores altogether and browse back-street boutiques in the quiet Imaizumi neighborhood, poking around shops like Naif, Dice & Dice, Curve and Florent to unearth delicate handmade bracelets, leather-bound notebooks, bags fashioned out of seat belts, suede T-strap sandals and racks of clothing bearing labels from local designers and Lanvin alike. Fukuoka’s shopping scene led Monocle lifestyle magazine to dub it Retail City.

“Frankly, I don’t think that’s right,” Mr. Szasz said at dinner at Yakitori-Hachibei. “Gourmet City would be closer to the truth.” 

The outstanding yakitori we ate that night, including sake-spritzed skewers of plump chicken, ginkgo nuts and edamame croquettes, supported his claim, as did the succulent gyoza, a local specialty, at Yuu Shin a few nights later. There, the diminutive dumplings were seared to a delicate crisp and served sizzling in the cast-iron skillet. 

The dish the city is most famous for, however, is not high end, or even close. It’s Hakata ramen, made with thin noodles and rich tonkotsu (pork bone) broth. (Hakata, once a separate city, is a ward of Fukuoka.) 

I was schooled in slurping by Patrick Mackey, a local blogger, ramen-lover and freelance translator, over piping hot bowls at Shin Shin. 

“For ramen, most people say Fukuoka is the best,” he said. Two of Japan’s most famous ramen chains, Ichiran and Ippudo, hail from the city. 

But the one can’t-miss dining experience in Fukuoka is yatai. 

Yatai are tiny street food carts that are constructed (and deconstructed) nightly. Plastic curtains typically enclose a bare-bones kitchen and minuscule counter around which no more than a dozen or so diners can cram. Many yatai serve basic fare like grilled things-on-sticks or ramen; some supplement counter seating with folding tables and chairs.

“Yatai used to be all over Japan,” Mr. Szasz said. “In Fukuoka, they’ve hung on in great numbers.” 

Today, there are about 150 operating yatai in Fukuoka, with most clustered along main roads, parks and the riverfront. Because of a law that bans the opening of new yatai, those numbers are dwindling, said Mr. Szasz, who serves on a committee created to review the law. He expressed optimism, however, that it might soon be reversed, noting that Fukuoka’s new mayor, Soichiro Takashima, views yatai as a tourism draw. 

With their curtains drawn, yatai can seem exclusive, for regulars only. The opposite is true.

“It’s a community experience: part the curtains, sit down and you’re with friends,” Mr. Szasz said. “Once you’re in there, it’s like a mini-party.” 

And a mini-party it was when Dave and I squeezed onto a bench at the popular yatai Ajifu on Watanabe-dori on a cold weekday night. Inside, 10 other diners, all local people, were tucked around the U-shaped counter. Cigarette smoke commingled with the familiar aroma of ramen broth as we sipped cold Asahi beers and devoured yakitori pulled from the grill outside. And much like at the sake-and-shochu bar Akatan, we were soon among friends.

歐洲七大古建築

歐洲古建築價值排名倫敦塔位居第五

更新時間 2012年 8月 23日, 星期四 - 格林尼治標準時間15:14

• 

倫敦塔是英國吸引國際遊客最多的名勝古跡之一。

英國和歐洲其他國家一樣，以擁有大量具有歷史文化遺產價值的地標性建築而自豪。

那麼這些建築裏哪一個價值最高呢？

根據意大利最新公布的一個歐洲最有價值建築物排行榜，倫敦塔（Tower of London）被認為最有價值；如果有人想買，價格標簽是560億英鎊。
這在排行榜上名列第五。雄踞榜首的是巴黎埃菲爾鐵塔（Eiffel Tower），估值達3440億英鎊。
也就是說，從經濟角度看，六個倫敦塔加起來才抵得上一個埃菲爾鐵塔的身價。
血腥城堡

歐洲七大古建築價值排行

1. 埃菲爾塔 （Eiffel Tower），巴黎，法國，3440億英鎊
2. 斗獸場（The Colloseum），羅馬，意大利，720億英鎊
3. 聖家族大教堂（The Sagrade Familia Cathedral），巴塞羅那，西班牙，710億英鎊
4. 米蘭大教堂（The Duomo Cathedral），米蘭，意大利，650億英鎊
5. 倫敦塔（The Tower of London），倫敦，英國，560億英鎊
6. 普拉多博物館（The Prado Museum），馬德里，西班牙，460億英鎊
7. 巨石陣（Stonehenge），英國，83億英鎊

倫敦塔實際上是個古城堡，1066年奠基，建築群裏最主要的「白塔」是1078年由佔領英國的威廉大帝（William the Conquerer）下令修建，1080年建成。在英國人眼裏，這是個象徵著入侵、壓迫、異族統治的建築物。
從1100年起，倫敦塔就經常是在王室殘殺中失利者的監獄，但它也曾被用作王宮。經過歷史上多次擴建，現在保留下來的格局面貌基本上是13世紀的版本。
據英國旅遊局統計，倫敦塔是倫敦名勝古跡裏接待遊客最多的景點。
英國的巨石陣（Stonehenge）雖然身世仍有爭議，但在這個榜上也被歸入地標性建築，估值為83億英鎊，名列第七。
對歐洲的著名建築物作評估、按價值高低排名次的是意大利的Monza和Brianza商會。
經濟價值
評估標準包括建築物的「外觀、品牌和知名度」。
用來計算經濟價值的參照值和數據裏的「遊客指數」納入了「地點的經濟價值、建築物的名聲、參觀建築物及周邊地區的遊客數量」等元素；「經濟魅力指數」則包括了創造就業機會的數量和出口金額等數據。
這一計算中不包括建築物的建材和物業價值。
法國《費加羅報》算了一下，建造時預計壽命只有20年的埃菲爾鐵塔的經濟貢獻佔法國經濟總體的五分之一。
評估者還給美國總統府標了個價，認為愛爾蘭設計師設計、建於1792-1800年的總統府價值640億英鎊。
歐洲的七大著名建築價值榜上還包括了意大利米蘭的米蘭大教堂（Duomo Cathedral，650億英鎊），西班牙馬德里的普拉多博物館（Prado Museum，460億英鎊）。

数万名三峡大坝居民将再次迁移: 窮搬家

新闻报道

数万名三峡大坝居民将再次迁移

中国将在2012年底搬迁三峡大坝附近的2万名居民，因为三峡大坝引发了地质滑坡危险。此外，当地的水源因为三峡大坝附近快速的工业发展而遭受污染。

（德国之声中文网）中国在建设三峡大坝的17年间搬迁了130万人。上月大坝工程终于竣工，但却引发了滑坡风险，使得上万人不得不再次被迫迁移。
即将面临第二次搬迁的黄土坡居民并无太大反弹，但中国大规模投资的大坝工程对环境造成的损害成为今年秋季权力交接前的热门议题。
2012年年底预定将有2万人迁离黄土坡。57岁的妇人帅临湘（音）也是被迫搬迁的一员，她在1998年第一次被迫迁到此地。她说："政府要你搬，你就要搬。我们不能反抗。"
二次迁移

三峡大坝在七月竣工

上月三峡大坝工程的最后一台机组正式并网发电，并达到总功率22500兆瓦，超过巴基斯坦或瑞士所需的电量。该工程兴建于湖北省中部，当时被政府强制搬迁的130万人的居住地，现已成为1045平方公里的水库，总面积超过新加坡。
路透社近期拜访了这个181米深的大坝和水库。由于搬迁问题敏感，便衣的安全人员和自称隶属"新单位"的官员陪伴路透社记者参观该区3日，他们的出现使得当地多数居民不敢接受采访。
帅临湘和她的邻居是在1990年代末期和2000年代初搬到黄土坡，当时水坝已经开始占用他们原来居住的村庄。根据中国国家广播电台报道，一名中国国土资源部官员曾在四月表示，除了黄土坡的2万名居民外，未来3到5年内将因有另外10万人因为地质风险被迁移。

大坝工程可能提升地质滑坡风险

该名官员称，自冬季开始水库的水位达到175米，"地质灾害"的次数已经提升70%，但并未详加说明。这名官员所指的灾害应是地质滑坡。
自2006年起便研究当地环境变化的地质学家范晓表示，黄土坡的滑坡加剧是因为水库的水位改变；大坝的官员在夏季可能发生洪涝前将水位降低30米，冬季再次提高水位。水位的改变导致水坝边的土坡松动。
地质滑坡可能将居住在水坝边的数万人的家园夷为平地。中国政府没有公布近期地质滑坡的死亡数据，但据中国媒体报道，自2007年起已有至少48人死于此类意外。
但三峡大坝官员表示，水库为贫困地区的人民带来发展。三峡防洪处处长王海称，三峡大坝并未增加地质滑坡的风险。
环境污染

三峡大坝建设期间造成水质污染

除了搬迁居民外，大坝工程也因为污染水质遭到批评。根据一个总部设在加州的非营利组织称，上百家工厂、矿场和废品站被水淹没，而近几年水坝附近快速现代化，废水排放量在2000到2005年间增加了一倍。
四川大学环境科学与工程所教授艾南山表示："在兴建三峡大坝后，水质明显恶化，而且这是无法挽救的。水流的速度减慢，它本身的净水能力也跟着减缓。"
重建住宅区
有关单位正在黄土坡附近的神农溪片区建造新的城镇，以提供移民居住。黄土坡移民帅临湘是搬迁到其中一栋7层公寓的第一批民众。她获得5000元人民币作为首波搬迁的"奖赏"，家庭成员每人得到200元人民币，以及1000元的"搬家费"。
有关单位不愿对再次搬迁的计划和补偿金做出评论。一份2009年12月的关于该项计划的文件显示，当地政府将提供移民新公寓和现金作为补偿，但没有列出具体金额。
当地政府已表示，"拒绝或拖延搬迁"或收到赔偿金后"再次做出无理赔偿要求"的居民将受到警告。
据帅临湘估计，已经有30户居民迁移至神农溪片区。她的孙子目前在镇上就学，因为当地没有大众交通工具，不得不与全家人分开。她说："搬到这里我们无法生存。"
许多黄土坡的居民正等待再次被迁移。一名94岁的妇人说："第一次迁移时，我们的房子、土地、果树都被水淹没。"另一名商店经营人已被告知必须在2012 年下半年迁移。她在2000年时第一次被迫搬迁。被问到她是否认为政府此次会做出赔偿时，她哽咽的说："每搬一次家，我们就变得更贫穷。"
来源：路透社 编译：张筠青
责编：苗子

The Elmer Holmes Bobst Library,

The south facade of the Bobst Library, along West 3rd Street


The Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, often referred to as Bobst Library or Bobst, is the main library at New York University. Located at 70 Washington Square South between La Guardia Place and the Schwartz pedestrian plaza, across from the southeast corner of Washington Square Park, it is named after its benefactor, Elmer Holmes Bobst who gave six million dollars towards its ultimate completion and opening on September 12, 1973. Mr. Bobst was a leading figure in pharmaceuticals, public health, philanthropy, and a confidant of U.S. President Richard Nixon. He was also a long-time trustee at New York University.^[1]

Contents 1 Description 2 Renovations 3 Special collections 4 History of suicides 5 Bobst Boy 6 References 7 External links

Description

A view of the interior of Bobst

The library, built in 1972,^[2] is the university's largest library and one of the largest academic libraries in the U.S. Designed by Philip Johnson and Richard Foster,^[2] the 12-story, ~39 500 m² (425,000 square feet) structure is the flagship of an eight-library, 4.5 million-volume system that provides students and faculty members with access to the world's scholarship and serves as a center for the university community's intellectual life. It houses more than 3.3 million volumes, 20,000 journals, and over 3.5 million microforms; and provides access to thousands of electronic resources in the forms of licensed databases, e-journals and other formats both on-site and to the university community around the world via the Internet. The library is visited by more than 6,500 users per day, and circulates almost one million books annually.

Renovations

Gifts from Mamdouha S. Bobst and Kevin Brine made possible a significant renovation of Bobst Library's Mezzanine, First Floor and two Lower Levels which was completed in 2005.
The library provided text computer terminals for catalog search in the library until the terminals were replaced by PCs with Internet access in 2008.

Special collections

The library houses several distinct special collections departments, including the Fales Library, the Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives, and the University Archives of NYU. On the north side, on even floors, are large, double-height study rooms featuring floor-to-ceiling windows overlooking Washington Square Park.

History of suicides

In late 2003, the library was the site of two suicides. In separate incidents, students jumped from the open-air crosswalks inside the library and fell to the stereogram-patterned marble floor below. After the second suicide, the university installed plexiglass barricades on each level and along the stairways to prevent further jumping. In 2009, a third student jumped to his death from the tenth floor, apparently scaling the plexiglass barricade.^[3] The library has since added floor-to-ceiling metal barriers to prevent future suicide attempts.^[4]


〔編譯陳成良／綜合報導〕美國紐約大學為防止學生在博斯特圖書館內自殺，在面對中庭天井的各樓層走 廊全面安裝約6公尺高的金色鋁質圍欄。儘管圍欄經過精心設計，但學生並不領情，認為此舉將導致圖書館變成「牢籠」、「懺悔室」。自2003年以來，已有3 名該校學生在該總圖書館跳樓自殺身亡。
博斯特圖書館是一座12層樓高的建物，1973年落成時，紐約時報知名建築評論員戈德伯格（Paul Goldberger）曾將其譽為「紐約最壯麗的建築體驗之一」，館內典藏書籍370萬冊、5萬8000份期刊，以及540萬件微縮膠卷。
不過，2003年先後有2名學生從博斯特圖書館走廊跳下中庭喪命，此後校方在圖書館面對中庭天井的各樓層走廊，安裝約2.4公尺高的樹脂玻璃圍欄，但2009年又有學生跨過圍欄跳樓自殺。
校方這次請來紐約建築師桑德斯（Joel Sanders）負責設計，今年5月18日動工，預計勞動節（9月3日）前完工。一支支金色鋁條組成的垂直欄杆與6公尺的樓層齊高，可完全杜絕學生跨欄自 殺。圍欄的設計有數位像素（digital pixels）的感覺，而且不會阻擋陽光和空氣流通。

New York Architecture Images-Bobst Library

wildlife endangered, Restoring ancient monuments at Cambodia's Angkor Wat

 

Animals

Cambodian wildlife endangered by land concessions

In Cambodia, land concessions and poaching are threatening wildlife and biodiversity, according to experts. The biggest problem thereby is government policy.

Experts say wildlife and biodiversity throughout the world are rapidly decreasing. Many countries are experiencing problems caused by illegal hunting and also a loss of habitat.
However, Cambodia has a unique story. While the government is cracking down on wildlife crimes, it has also been selling off protected wildlife sanctuaries to private agro-industrial firms.
Land concessions

Environmental activist Chut Wutty was shot dead in April, 2012

Cambodia has two main areas for the protection of tigers and biodiversity - the Cardamom Mountain range and the Eastern Plains. However, the tranquility of these areas is now threatened. Recently, the government opened 23 national parks and wildlife sanctuaries in 13 conservation areas to bidding by investment firms, according to a report by Licadho, a Cambodian human rights group.
The report further stated that the Cambodian government granted economic land concessions to more than 200 firms over the past decade and that the concessions covered 22 percent of the country's surface. It affected hundreds of thousands of families, wildlife and biodiversity.
Mark Wright of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in Cambodia told DW that the intact Eastern Plains which - which is regarded as an optimal place for the recovery of the country's tiger and elephant populations - is under threat from national and international agriculture companies.
"Recently, there have been a series of economic land concessions granted within protected areas," said Wright.

"Even if the concessions are small, these will pose threats to biodiversity protection."
Kry Masphal, tiger expert of the Cambodia's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, said Cambodian wildlife was confronted with shrinking habitats and poaching. However, he also defended government land concession policies.
"Land concessions are not done arbitrarily; it started after clear studies on wildlife and biodiversity," he said.

"The concession is made only to land with barren trees, not to the jungle."
However, rights groups along with the open source Open Development Cambodia website came up with maps showing land concessions across Cambodia, showing that some are well inside wildlife protected areas.

Land is being sold off for agricultural purposes

Wright said the conflict between development and the endangered species conservation effort could be reduced if the government had "careful planning and a long-term vision."
"We are urging the Cambodian Government to fast-track the process of developing and implement zoning plans for protected areas in order to protect areas of high biodiversity values prior to any new decisions on land concessions," he said.
Poaching
Wildlife trade is a big business in some Asian countries where the use of traditional medicine containing ingredients made from animal parts is common. In July the WWF ranked Vietnam "the worst country" in terms of wildlife crimes. The other biggest consumer countries of wild animal products were China and Thailand, according to the report.

"Illegal hunting has probably already extirpated Cambodia's national animal, the Kouprey and puts pressure on all wildlife species," said Wright, pointing out that officials still needed to a lot for the protection of animals and biodiversity.
However, Masphal is optimistic about the measure the government has implemented to curb wildlife crimes so far.
"We recruit those poachers to be our wildlife rangers. We also have law enforcement team who check houses and restaurants so that those people have to respect laws," he told DW.

 

 

Restoring ancient monuments at Cambodia's Angkor Wat

By Guy De Launey BBC News, Angkor, Cambodia

Many of the Apsara sculptures at Angkor Wat were destroyed

Continue reading the main story

Related Stories

• Too much love from Angkor's tourists?
• Preserving the Angkor Temples Watch
• India starts Angkor Wat replica

"Look at that one - she's got really big lips".

Sasha Constable is admiring the carvings of the Apsara nymphs on the walls of Cambodia's most famous ancient temple, Angkor Wat. Every year, millions of visitors do much the same. The bas reliefs at this 900-year-old monument are remarkably well-preserved.
But Sasha is no tourist - she is a sculptor herself and a member of one of Britain's most famous artistic families. Her father Richard is a well-known painter - and she can trace a direct line back to John Constable.
Sasha has carried on the traditions of the dynasty, while taking a distinct path of her own.
Since 2000 she has been based in Cambodia. As well as creating her own work, she has contributed to the country's artistic revival as a teacher and curator.

Sculptor Sasha Constable is recreating some of Angkor Wat's lost carvings

As much as anyone, Sasha has helped to raise the international profile of Cambodian art, helping young artists to make a living from their passion.
"Cambodian artists are being profiled more and more," she says.
"Now some are exhibiting abroad and their work is being exposed to a different audience. That means the prices go up, which is good for them. It's one of the last countries in this region where art has suddenly become more and more interesting to people."

Continue reading the main story

“Start Quote

We wanted to bring the sculptures back to the public ”

Cheam Phally World Monuments Fund

'Privileged'

Now, after everything that Sasha has offered Cambodia, the country is giving something back. Perhaps the greatest prize she could have imagined: a commission to recreate some of the lost carvings at Angkor Wat.

"It's a huge privilege. It was a really interesting, challenging project - but really just a privilege."
Joining Sasha at Angkor, sweltering in the afternoon sun, is Cheam Phally of the World Monuments Fund.
She was the architect in charge of restoring one of the temple's best-known features - a long, bas relief gallery known as "the churning of the sea of milk", displaying scenes from the Hindu epic, the Ramayana.
But something was missing from the restoration. The Apsara figures which once decorated the gallery's roof were gone - victims of the passage of time or, perhaps, looters.
Sitting on the grass in front of the gallery, Cheam Phally points to what look like some lumps of rock among a number of larger slabs.
"These are fragments of the Apsaras, the lower halves," she says, picking one up, then placing it in a hole in one of the slabs.
"It would have gone in the roof stone like this."
The WMF's commission was for Sasha to recreate the Apsaras, with the aim of placing them on the roof of the restored gallery.
"We wanted to bring the sculptures back to the public - and to rebuild them we needed someone who understood Khmer art. Sasha has a deep understanding."
'Very proud' The British artist enlisted local sculptor Chhay Saron to join her in researching - and making - the pieces.

Chhay Saron sees his work as a contribution to future generations

He has a remarkable story of his own - a former soldier and landmine survivor who retrained as a sculptor, and now employs other disabled people in his workshop within the Angkor temple complex.
"As a Khmer person, when I see an Apsara sculpture I feel so happy," he says. "A lot of the ancient Apsara sculptures have been damaged - that's why I'm so pleased to have been given this assignment."
Now, after months of work, the two have completed their sculptures. At her workshop, Sasha proudly unveils one of the finished pieces, pointing out how the design will allow the light to pass through.
"We were asked to make each sculpture different, as they would have been in the day. Some have different levels of detail - this one is a little bit plainer, but still has motifs around the edge."
"They're a lot more delicate than many of the sculptures at Angkor. It should give the public an image of what Angkor would have looked like in the original day."
Just down the road, Chhay Saron has finished his two pieces - and he can hardly wait for them to take their place at Angkor Wat.
"When people come by to look at my carvings they haven't seen the likes before, because the originals were damaged and destroyed. They always ask where they're going to end up - and I tell them they will be on top of Angkor Wat."
"Future generations will be able to see this and understand that there were sculptures like this in the Angkor temples. I'm very proud."
The finished work is in keeping with the legacy of Angkor - and represents a proud moment in the illustrious history of the Constable family. One suspects that great, great, great grandfather John would have approved.

原住民語言危機Taiwan Struggles to Save Indigenous Languages/ 蘭嶼，達悟語 辭典

 

News / Asia

Taiwan Struggles to Save Indigenous Languages

Aboriginal men of the Tao tribe take a newly launched fishing boat on a maiden voyage during a fishing boat launching ceremony on Orchid Island, Taiwan, June 14, 2008.

 

  

Ralph Jennings

August 20, 2012

TAIPEI — Taiwan’s government sounded a cultural emergency this summer. The native language of a village of aboriginal Rukai people is in danger of dying out. So the cabinet has begun collecting records that could save that dialect and eight others from being overtaken by the dominant Mandarin Chinese.

Long history

Aborigines were dominant in Taiwan for some 8,000 years. Then four centuries ago migrants began to arrive by sea from nearby China, and Chinese now make up 98 percent of the population. In the 1960s, former Taiwan leader Chiang Kai-shek ordered an assimilation of the aboriginals, requiring that they use Mandarin Chinese.

Of Taiwan’s 42 indigenous languages, nine are considered endangered. One of them is used by just 10 people. Almost all aborigines but the oldest speak Mandarin, Taiwan’s official language.

One language in danger is that spoken by the Sakizaya aborigine tribe, which has some 659 members.

The government says most indigenous people have little incentive to use or remember their native tongues as they marry ethnic Chinese or work away from tribal homelands. It fears that the most endangered languages will die out within 20 years.

Since 2008, Taiwan’s government has tried to save these languages, but this year they are focusing on the ones most threatened with disappearance. That mission has broad support from the island’s ethnic Chinese majority, because many people look to indigenous culture as a way to distinguish Taiwan from its political rival China.

Yang-Chao Jui-chun, endangered language project director with the government’s Council of Indigenous Peoples, says any losses would weaken the culture of Taiwan and the Asia Pacific.

He says that is because local languages convey information about flora and fauna that would be lost along with the words themselves.

Lost knowledge

He says that if no one can speak an aborigine language in 50 to 100 years, there would be no way to express cultural meaning and values, affecting Taiwanese people’s ability to respect other ethnic groups and live with one another. Cultural resources such as stories and knowledge would disappear along with the languages. For example, he says, the Rukai and Paiwan tribes have unique knowledge of certain snake species.

Anthropologists also consider Taiwan’s aborigines key to understanding ethnically linked peoples across the South Pacific and Indian oceans from Easter Island to Madagascar.

Taiwan’s tribes first reached the island from the Asian mainland. They used boats to fan southward about 3,500 years ago. Taiwan’s government says its aborigines remain ideal for study because they were largely left alone by Western missionaries.

Taiwan’s cabinet today recognizes 14 tribes. Their numbers range from several hundred, to the Amis group at nearly 190,000. Their total population is about half a million and growing overall.

Chinese takes over

Kolas Yotaka, news director with Taiwan Indigenous TV, says the use of native languages has disappeared as potential speakers are required to use Chinese in public schools and leave tribal areas in eastern Taiwan for work in the more urbanized west.

She says the west is dominated by non-aborigines but that to survive and make money, aborigines must move there. Once they move to the west, she adds, those migrants are forced to speak Mandarin Chinese or the Taiwanese dialect to communicate.

Taiwan is studying New Zealand’s effective effort to save native Maori languages through one-on-one tutoring and allowing tribal autonomy over elements of the education system. The government has also contacted Canada, home to Inuit tribes near the Arctic Circle, and the tiny Pacific Island nation of Palau.

Faustina Rehuher-Marugg, Palau’s cultural affairs minister, says her population of 21,000 saved its native tongue by putting it in writing for students. Almost everyone in the former U.S. protectorate also speaks fluent English. On a visit to Taipei this month, the minister advised Taiwan to keep records.

“I think they need to put their dictionary and grammar together and publish it as part of the curriculum because that’s how you actually get it written down," she said. "Because it’s part of the school, it has been taught from grade one.”

Taiwan may eventually transcribe its native languages, though the lack of native writing systems would make the job difficult.

The government will spend about $220,000 this year on aboriginal language preservation. Part of that package goes to collecting whatever information is available in tribal villages and recording elders who speak the endangered languages. There are plans for informal language study programs and the use of exams to certify native speakers of aboriginal languages.

To save the Rukai village language marked as urgent in July, the government must first survey the hamlet in southern Taiwan to find out exactly how many people still speak it.

*****
 Yami (Dao) dictionary  The NTU Press, 2012

達悟語

蘭嶼島，意為「人之島」)位在距離台灣東南方62公里的西太平洋海域上，面積僅46平方公里，環島一週則 為38公里。戶籍登記於蘭嶼島上約有四千二百位居民，其中雅美族(達悟族)約佔87%，生業活動以農耕與漁撈為主，並以核心家庭(asa a vahay)為自給自足的基本社會組織。蘭嶼之東南約6公里有無人島小蘭嶼，為雅美族傳統捕魚的海域。雅美族在人群分類上屬於南島語族，雖然他們位處東台 灣的邊緣，孤立於中央山脈東面的小島上，但島上濃郁的南島海洋生態文化卻是全人類無價的瑰寶資產。

達悟語屬南島語言之菲律賓語支，常見構詞法包括詞綴法 (Affixation)和重複法(Reduplication)，構詞展現南島語言的黏著語(Agglutinating languages)特色：(1)一個詞是由一個語根和多個詞綴組成。例如，ipivatvatek(i-pi-vate-vatek);筆是由動詞與根 vatek;刻;重複vate-後，再與動詞詞綴pi-及表工具之詞綴i-組合而成;(2)語跟與詞綴接合不緊密，容易分割，兩者有相當大的獨立性，詞綴 好像黏著在語根上似的。例如nikacimoyan(ni-ka-cimoy-an)被雨淋了;的語根cimoy;雨和前綴ni-，ka-及後綴-an可 清楚分割;(3)每一個詞綴只表示一種語法意義。例如nipakanan(ni-pa-kan-an);餵過某某;，其中ni-表過去時、完成，pa-為 使役動詞，而-an為處所焦點，均為一個詞綴只表示一種語法意義。達悟語的句法特色則呈現南島語言動詞焦點 (Focus)變化，彷彿有很多被動式的形態，達悟語與古南島語和台灣境內其他原住民語言均有類似的焦點系統。

前言

本研究計畫為國科會數位典藏國家型補助的研究計畫，本計畫有以下幾個研究方向:

1. 原住民語意本體架構的分析與中文語意網整合研究：從2006起，我們研究團隊開始整理與建構原住民語意本體。我們發現隨著語料的發掘， 這項工作也不斷探索到很多新的領域的內容，也推動我們找尋新的語言演算法來解決一些問題的能力。我們依照目前的進度，我們只使用所蒐集語料的30%，也只 針對於常用的動植物名詞與本文關係的剖析。進一步，我們希望能針對更複雜的語意資料如歌謠與傳統佚事等來做分析與整合。我們希望藉此最後呈現一個完整台灣 原住民語的本體論。
2. 語意整合的方式與演算法，對於複雜的語意整合勢必有複雜的演算法與推導模式。在第一期的計畫中我們未能討論到不同演算法對於整合中文語意網和原住民語意網的影響與成效。我們認為當完整原住民語意本體在整合中文語意本體應該有不少在介面，語意，語詞等值得討論的地方。
3. 原住民知識本體在數位典藏資料使用的方式，目前所設計的實驗是針對於在詮釋資料中的內容與原住民語意知識本體來做整合與分析。我們認為 分析後可以做應用方式的討論。例如，典藏資料是否可以融入這些原住民語意與知識。原住民語意知識本體對於典藏知識庫與典藏知識庫管理是否可以提供哪一種方 式的技術協助。
4. 有關達悟語與主軸語言的介面建立與開發，有關於達悟與語詞與中文synsets建立來建構二個語言之間的關係。在實驗驗證後，我們認為 可以討論多重原住民語意資料。因此，我們將研究如何在整合達悟語及其他原住民語的語意知識及建立關聯式知識本體的工作。在透過人類學家的幫助下，我們研究 從語言字意外，是不是可以提出在隱喻下的字意放入語意運用及運算內。這將是我們在未來計畫的一個發展重點。
5. 本研究獲得國科會數位典藏與數位學習國家型計畫補助，所補助計畫有
   1. 2008年: 97-2631-H-126-001 『典藏資料及原住民知識的語意整合之研究』
   2. 2009年: 98-2631-H-126-001 『基於典藏資料與原住民語意知識本體的研究與應用
   3. 2010年: 99-2631-H-126-001 『多重原住民語意知識本體建立及典藏資料應用方式研究』

 http://yamionto.cs.pu.edu.tw/zh-tw/intro.php

蘭嶼（らんしょ、台湾語 ランスー Lân-sū、タオ語: Ponso no Tao）は台湾本島の南東沖にある周囲40kmの孤島で、台東県蘭嶼郷に属する。かつて紅頭嶼（こうとうしょ）と呼ばれており、別称: Botel Tobago。
Orchid Island (Yami language: Ponso no Tao or Pongso no Tao; Chinese: 蘭嶼; pinyin: Lán Yǔ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lân-sū) is a 45 km² volcanic island off the southeastern coast of Taiwan Island and separated from the Batanes of the Philippines by the Bashi Channel of the Luzon Strait. It is governed as Lanyu Township of Taitung County.


蘭嶼：台灣核廢之島的抗爭
台灣東部蘭嶼島的核廢料問題不只是環境的抗爭。核廢料是否繼續放在蘭嶼，將決定這個小島的生命；而台灣政府能否尊重原住民的人權，將決定這個大島的精神。

维基百科，自由的百科全书

本文介紹的是臺灣臺東縣島名。關於蘭嶼所屬行政區，詳見「蘭嶼鄉」。

蘭嶼

蘭嶼的位置

蘭嶼（達悟語：Ponso no Tao）位於台東縣蘭嶼鄉，是台灣最大的高山離島。環島一週約37公里，若騎乘機車悠閒行進，約90分鐘可環繞全島。^[1]

目錄 [隐藏] 1 名稱 2 人口 3 地理 3.1 氣候 4 歷史 5 交通 6 旅遊 7 島上生物 8 政治 9 圖片集 10 參見 11 參考文獻

[编辑] 名稱

蘭嶼市區

蘭嶼最早的名稱為達悟語「Ponso no Tao」意思是「人之島」。漢人最早以台灣話音譯紅頭嶼（閩南話教會羅馬字：Âng-thâu-sū）或紅豆嶼（教會羅馬字：Âng-tāu-sū），日治時期以後固定紅頭嶼之名。1947年因島上盛產蝴蝶蘭而改名。西方國家早年稱蘭嶼為Botel Tobago。

[编辑] 人口

蘭嶼的島上原住民族達悟族舊稱為「雅美族」。島上原住民製作拼版舟，並在春夏季節出海捕飛魚，亦稱為「飛魚季」。有「飛魚的故鄉」之稱。島上居民全數為達悟族人，島民全數由菲律賓巴丹島移民至此，有數千年的歷史。今日兩方語言仍能溝通，時有交流活動。
雅美族人是台灣原住民中唯一的海洋民族，也是不獵人頭的民族 。

[编辑] 地理

• 位置：位於台灣東南的太平洋中，在綠島的南方，南臨巴士海峽與菲律賓之巴丹群島遙遙相望，巴丹群島最北端的Mavudis島，距離小蘭嶼99公里。即東經121度5分，北緯22度間。

• 面積：48.3892平方公里
• 氣候：為熱帶地區，屬海洋性氣候，年雨量常在3,000公釐以上，年降雨日數達224天。

• 地形：蘭嶼為火山島，最高點紅頭山海拔548公尺，大部分為山地，島上丘陵綿亙，溪流分歧，只有沿海部分為平地、海岸線曲折，熱帶林木遍佈。
• 地質：蘭嶼的地質以角閃石的安山岩質熔岩及玄武岩質的集塊岩為主。無人島小蘭嶼則以黑雲母角閃石為主。

[编辑] 氣候

隐藏▲蘭嶼 (1971-2000)氣候平均數據
月份	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月	全年
平均高溫 °C （°F）	20.5 (68.9)	21.0 (69.8)	22.8 (73)	24.8 (76.6)	26.5 (79.7)	27.7 (81.9)	28.4 (83.1)	28.2 (82.8)	27.5 (81.5)	25.7 (78.3)	23.4 (74.1)	21.2 (70.2)	24.8 (76.6)
平均低溫 °C （°F）	16.8 (62.2)	17.0 (62.6)	18.6 (65.5)	20.7 (69.3)	22.5 (72.5)	24.0 (75.2)	24.5 (76.1)	24.1 (75.4)	23.4 (74.1)	22.2 (72)	20.0 (68)	17.8 (64)	21.0 (69.8)
降水量 mm （英寸）	273.9 (10.783)	219.8 (8.654)	163.0 (6.417)	164.8 (6.488)	263.0 (10.354)	262.9 (10.35)	225.0 (8.858)	275.0 (10.827)	394.2 (15.52)	331.0 (13.031)	273.7 (10.776)	235.0 (9.252)	3,081.3 (121.311)
相對濕度（%）	86.8	89.0	89.8	91.2	92.1	93.1	91.9	91.8	90.7	88.9	87.9	86.4	90.0
日照時數	80.2	76.8	104.8	113.2	137.4	141.1	198.3	167.7	153.9	127.9	90.2	71.3	1,462.8
來源： 中央氣象局 2009-03-17

[编辑] 歷史

雅美族人（達悟族）的拼板舟；取自1931年總督府文書

• 1877年，恆春知縣周有基將紅頭嶼(蘭嶼)併入清帝國版圖，隸屬恆春縣。
• 1895年，馬關條約簽訂後，日本政府禁止一般人進入蘭嶼內開發，並設立研究區。
• 1897年，日本人鳥居龍藏第一次入內探勘，稱居民「yami」（雅美），這是達悟族以前被稱為雅美族的由來。
• 1982年，台灣電力公司在蘭嶼建造低放射核能廢料儲存場，直到現在在鄉內仍然有不少反對的聲音。^[2]
• 1996年，達悟族人因懷疑台電運料船夾帶高放射核廢料而發動激烈抗爭，停運任何核廢料至今，目前台灣核電廠產生的低階核廢料，都暫時貯存在各電廠中。^[3]

[编辑] 交通

蘭嶼機場

• 蘭嶼對台灣

• 海運

新發輪，每週定期行駛兩次。

不定期海運航線分別往來墾丁、台東、綠島，多為旅行團包船並開放餘票供一般民眾搭乘。^[4]

• 空運

蘭嶼機場與台東機場間設有每日6往復定期航線。營運者為德安航空，使用19人座小飛機。^[5]

• 島上交通

蘭嶼鄉公所經營之大型客車，每日行駛島內兩班次。

[编辑] 旅遊

• 大天池
• 小天池
• 野銀舊部落
• 八代灣
• 東清灣
• 紅頭岩
• 軍艦岩
• 鱷魚岩
• 冷泉（未命名）：位於野銀部落的海岸。^[1]
• 紅頭溪瀑布(一層瀑布.兩層瀑布.三層瀑布)

[编辑] 島上生物

島上生物數量分佈約有以下幾類: 哺乳類動物約有9種,爬蟲類動物約有17種,兩生物類動物有3種,鳥類約有101種,昆蟲的種類超過400種 常見或稀有之島上生物

• 椰子蟹
• 綠蠵龜
• 山羊
• 蟾蜍
• 珠光鳳蝶
• 豬
• 狗
• 貓
• 飛魚
• 角鴞(貓頭鷹)

[编辑] 政治

2012年立委選舉，綠黨派出堅持反核的蘭嶼達悟族單親媽媽希婻．瑪飛洑參選不分區第一名。結果綠黨在蘭嶼得票35.76%(對比全國得票率1.74%)，是全國得票率最高的地方。評論指出這顯示了蘭嶼人被迫與核廢料為伍的不平與冤屈。^[6]

[编辑] 圖片集

• 

  蘭嶼八代灣
• 

  蘭嶼小天池

[编辑] 參見

• 等待飛魚

[编辑] 參考文獻

L.A. ，芝加哥

Monica Almeida/The New York Times

Los Angeles Puts a New Park at Its Heart

By JENNIFER MEDINA

Grand Park, one of the largest new parcels of open space in a sprawling city, is the focus of all sorts of visions for a downtown whose sidewalks once rolled up by nightfall. 

城市肖像

假如孤單單一個人來到芝加哥

STEPHANIE ROSENBLOOM 報道 2012年08月10日

芝加哥，著名的建築之城和風城，因為文化生活飽滿，夜生活豐富，可以滿足那些熱愛獨自旅行的人。芝加哥人十分友好，以至於拿不准他們到底是在調情還是僅僅出於禮貌。

1968年半個台灣

我1968年高一升高二的暑假 從台中騎到墾丁 在往花蓮 從橫貫公路回台中
約花12天 新台幣500元
當時鄉下地方的電影院 有的還有末代辯士 (翻譯)

輔大師生鐵馬環台 盼募款助原民

時間：2012/8/5 17:56 新聞引據： 中央社

輔仁大學師生騎鐵馬籌募原住民菁英學生培育經費，5日授旗，他們將以6天完成500公里行程。學生授旗後試騎單車，並振臂歡呼，互相打氣。（輔仁大學提供） 　　輔仁大學130名師生騎鐵馬籌募原住民菁英學生培育經費，將從鵝鑾鼻燈塔一路北上，以6天完成500公里行程。還有大陸學生也將以鐵馬之旅認識台灣。 　　輔大今年第三年舉辦鐵馬環台活動，受蘇拉颱風與交通中斷影響，原訂的環台活動取消東部行程，改為自鵝鑾鼻燈塔集結會師北上。 　　輔大表示，兩梯次的師生共130人騎鐵馬，將分成山線、海線，北上完成500公里的挑戰，沿途並安排墾丁淨灘、校友會聯誼、參觀天主教名勝古蹟。沿途有老師、教官陪騎，運動防護員隨隊。 　　就讀英文系的陸生劉禺岑，把握走訪各地風情的機會，特地不回大陸過暑假，準備在台灣留下濃厚的情感及回憶，以汗水為自己寫下歷史。 　　為了讓活動更具意義，輔仁大學也將鐵馬環台結合「輔仁大學原住民菁英人才培育計畫」，希望號召愛心人士響應，學生每騎1公里就捐新台幣1元來幫助原住民，累積的專款將用來培育原住民菁英人才。