弄清楚倫敦和紐約"克莉奧佩特拉方尖碑"故事.The "Cleopatra's Needle" in London and New York

 弄清楚倫敦和紐約"克莉奧佩特拉方尖碑"故事.

The "Cleopatra's Needle" in London, 克莉奧佩特拉之針 紐約中央公園   

 “Obelisks in Rome,” The "Cleopatra's Needle" in London, originally from Heliopolis and erected by Thutmose III, was gifted to Britain in 1819 by Egypt.   

“羅馬的方尖碑”，位於倫敦的“克利奧帕特拉方尖碑”，原位於赫利奧波利斯，由圖特摩斯三世豎立，是埃及於1819年贈送給英國的。

Center to left, Terry Adkins, “Obelisks in Rome,” 2010, marks the enormous monuments brought from ancient Egypt. Performances will take place in this room throughout the run of the show.Credit...Jeenah Moon for The New York Times

 The "Cleopatra's Needle" in London, originally from Heliopolis and erected by Thutmose III, was gifted to Britain in 1819 by Egypt. 

It arrived in London in 1878, sponsored by Sir William James Erasmus Wilson after an initial British decline. The obelisk, made of Aswan granite, stands on the Victoria Embankment. 

Accompanied by sphinxes by George John Vulliamy, it survived World War I damage, visible today...

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Cleopatra's Needle in Central Park, New York City (2017)

Cleopatra's Needle as it originally stood in Alexandria (1880)

Cleopatra's Needle in New York City is one of a pair of obelisks, together named Cleopatra's Needles, that were moved from the ruins of the Caesareum of Alexandria, Egypt, in the 19th century. The stele, dating from the 15th century B.C., was installed in Central Park, west of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's main building in Manhattan, on February 22, 1881.^[1] It was secured in May 1877 by judge Elbert E. Farman, the United States Consul General at Cairo, as a gift from the Khedive for the United States remaining a friendly neutral as two European powers, France and Britain, maneuvered for political control of the Egyptian government. The transportation costs were largely paid by a railroad magnate, William Henry Vanderbilt, the eldest son of Cornelius Vanderbilt.^[2][3]

History

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In antiquity

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Made of red granite, the obelisk stands about 21 metres (69 ft) high, weighs about 200 tons,^[4] and is inscribed with Egyptian hieroglyphs. Originally erected in the Egyptian city of Heliopolis on the orders of Thutmose III, in 1475 BC,^[4] the obelisk's granite was mined from the quarries of Aswan near the first cataract of the Nile. The inscriptions were added about 200 years later by Ramesses II to commemorate his military victories.

The obelisks were moved to Alexandria and set up in the Caesareum—a temple built by Cleopatra in honor of Mark Antony or Julius Caesar—by the Romans in 13/12 BC, during the reign of Augustus.^[5]

American acquisition

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The original idea to secure an Egyptian obelisk for New York City came from the March 1877 New York City newspaper accounts of the transporting of the London obelisk. The newspapers mistakenly attributed to a John Dixon the 1869 proposal of the Khedive of Egypt, Isma'il Pasha, to give the United States an obelisk as a gift for increased trade. Dixon, the contractor who, in 1877, arranged the transport of the London obelisk, denied the newspaper accounts.

紐約市的克莉奧佩特拉方尖碑是一對方尖碑中的一座，這兩座方尖碑統稱為克莉奧佩特拉方尖碑，於 19 世紀從埃及亞歷山大凱撒陵墓遺址移走。這塊石碑可以追溯到公元前 15 世紀，於 1881 年 2 月 22 日被安置在曼哈頓大都會藝術博物館主樓西側的中央公園。 [1] 1877 年 5 月，美國駐開羅總領事埃爾伯特·E·法曼 (Elbert E. Farman) 法官將該墓作為埃及總督的禮物贈予美國，以示在法國和英國這兩個歐洲強國爭奪對埃及政府的政治控制權時美國能夠保持友好中立。運輸費用主要由鐵路大亨威廉·亨利·范德比爾特（William Henry Vanderbilt）支付，他是康尼利厄斯·范德比爾特（Cornelius Vanderbilt）的長子。 [2][3]

歷史

在古代

方尖碑由紅色花崗岩製成，高約 21 公尺（69 英尺），重約 200 噸[4]，上面刻有埃及象形文字。這座方尖碑最初於西元前 1475 年根據圖特摩斯三世的命令在埃及城市赫利奧波利斯豎立[4]，其花崗岩來自尼羅河第一瀑布附近的阿斯旺採石場。大約 200 年後，拉美西斯二世為紀念他的軍事勝利而添加了這些銘文。

西元前 13/12 年，即奧古斯都統治時期，羅馬人將這些方尖碑移至亞歷山大，並豎立在凱撒廟－一座由克莉奧佩特拉為紀念馬克·安東尼或尤利烏斯·凱撒而建造的神廟。 [5]

美國收購

為紐約市運送埃及方尖碑的最初想法來自 1877 年 3 月紐約市報紙對倫敦方尖碑運輸的報導。報紙錯誤地將埃及總督伊斯梅爾帕夏 1869 年的提議歸咎於約翰·迪克森，即贈送美國一座方尖碑作為增加貿易的禮物。 1877 年負責安排倫敦方尖碑運輸的承包商迪克森否認了報紙的報導。