伯利恆主誕堂列世遺 美以抗議
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| 位於巴勒斯坦自治區內的基督教聖地伯利恆主誕堂。 （法新社） |
〔編 譯俞智敏／綜合伯利恆六月三十日外電報導〕聯合國教科文組織（UNESCO）世界遺產委員會六月二十九日表決通過把伯利恆的主誕堂列為瀕危世界遺產名單， 並將提供修復資金，提出這項申請的巴勒斯坦自治政府視主誕堂列名世界遺產為一項政治勝利，但美國與以色列卻抗議這項決定受到政治動機所左右。
耶穌誕生處 基督教聖地
興建於西元四世紀的伯利恆主誕堂位於以色列佔領下的約旦河西岸巴勒斯坦自治區內，基督教傳統相信耶穌就是誕生於此處。巴勒斯坦自治政府認為，UNESCO同意其緊急申請案，是巴人朝向在約旦河西岸、加薩走廊與東耶路撒冷獨立建國並尋求全球承認的一項重大進展。
巴人政府發言人阿什拉薇表示，「我們欣喜若狂」，因為巴勒斯坦人的身分、在人類文明與歷史上的地位正受到承認，且開始受到保護。
巴勒斯坦政府主張，主誕堂年久失修卻苦無修繕經費，再加上以色列持續佔領約旦河西岸地區，十年前以國部隊就曾派重兵與藏身主誕堂內的巴人民兵緊張對峙逾一個月，教堂存續面臨立即性的危險。
反對被貼上「瀕危」標籤
以、美強烈反對這項緊急提案，理由是主誕堂並未面臨威脅，聯合國專家委員會也支持這項看法。以官員表示，他們並不反對主誕堂列名世界遺產，但反對被貼上「瀕危」標籤，這暗示以國必須為此負責，因為約旦河西岸的最終主權目前仍屬於以色列。
以 色列總理納坦雅胡指控UNESCO此項決定出於政治動機考量。美駐UNESCO大使基里恩也說，華府「深感失望」。負責管理主誕堂的羅馬天主教、希臘東正 教與亞美尼亞東正教等三大教會則對UNESCO決定表示關切，教會顯然擔心，主誕堂列名世界遺產可能導致巴勒斯坦政府與聯合國插手教堂事務。
巴人政府外長馬爾基指出，未來還打算替包括耶律哥古城在內等位於巴人領土內的古蹟提出世遺申請案，此舉恐引發更多政治衝突。
UNESCO designates Church of the Nativity as endangered site
Palestinian leaders consider the designation a political victory.
A
nun walks outside the Church of the Nativity, the site revered as the
birthplace of Jesus, in the West Bank town of Bethlehem June 28.
Ammar Awad/REUTERS
Bethlehem, West Bank
The Palestinians hailed the nod by UNESCO as a step forward in their quest for global recognition of an independent Palestine in the West Bank, Gaza and east Jerusalem, captured by Israel in 1967.
The centuries-old basilica is located in a part of the Israeli-occupied West Bank where the Palestinians have self-rule. UNESCO's decision was seen by them as validation of their rights to the territory.
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The Palestinians had argued that the shrine faces imminent danger, both because of overdue repairs and Israel's continued occupation of the West Bank.
Israel and the U.S. strongly opposed the emergency bid, arguing that the church is not under threat, a position backed by a U.N. experts committee.
Israeli officials have said they don't object to the church being listed, but reject the "endangered" label which implies culpability of Israel, which in practice remains the ultimate sovereign in the West Bank.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the Palestinians are "engaging in unilateral actions that only distance peace" and that UNESCO is driven by political considerations.
Palestinian Foreign Minister Riad Malki said the Palestinians now plan to submit more sites in the West Bank, Gaza and east Jerusalem. The new bids could stir more political tensions, particularly in east Jerusalem, which Israel annexed to its capital after the 1967 war.
Ashrawi said Friday's vote is the beginning of a process.
"Our identity, our place in civilization, in history, are being recognized, are beginning to be safeguarded in the face of the Israeli occupation's encroachment, the confiscation of our land, our culture," she said.
The U.S. ambassador to UNESCO, David Killion, said Washington was "profoundly disappointed" by the vote. The U.S. has been trying to block the Palestinian recognition campaign, and withdrew tens of millions of dollars in funding from UNESCO after the Paris-based agency accepted the Palestinians as a state member last year.
Joining UNESCO was part of a wider Palestinian attempt to win global recognition for a state of Palestine in the territories Israel occupied in 1967.
Israelis and Palestinians were to have negotiated the borders of a Palestinian state, but two decades of intermittent talks produced no results. The last round broke off in 2008, and the Israeli and Palestinian leaders have failed to agree on rules for renewing them.
Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, who heads a self-rule government in charge of 38 percent of the West Bank, says negotiations with Israel remain his preferred choice, but wants global recognition to improve his leverage. An attempt to win full U.N. membership has stalled, but meanwhile Palestinians are pushing for membership in U.N. agencies.
In their first move at UNESCO, they submitted the Nativity Church and a nearby pilgrimage route as endangered heritage sites, asking to fast-track the nomination rather than go through the normal 18-month procedure.
They argued that the church is in urgent need of repairs, particularly a leaky wooden roof. Palestinian officials said foreign donors promised $20 million for the work, but so far have paid only $3 million, not enough to get started.
Palestinians argued that Israel's continued control over the area also threatens the site.
A decade ago, when Israel launched a major offensive against Palestinian militants, the church was caught in the crossfire: Palestinian gunmen holed up inside for more than a month, with Israeli tanks and troops surrounding the shrine.
Referring to the violent standoff in Friday's statement, Netanyahu put the blame on the Palestinians.
"The world needs to remember that the Church of the Nativity that is so sacred to Christianity was desecrated in the past by Palestinian terrorists," he said.
Today, Bethlehem is ringed on three sides by walls of cement slabs and fences of Israel's separation barrier — to Israel a defense against Palestinians militants, and to Palestinians a blatant land grab disguised as a security measure.
A U.N. experts committee recommended that the Palestinians go through the normal procedure, instead of seeking the "endangered" label, but the Palestinians refused to withdraw the bid.
The churches in charge of the shrine — Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox and Armenian — also expressed concern, apparently fearing a World Heritage designation would lead to interference by the Palestinian government and the U.N.
The church is run according to a 19th century codex, known as the Status Quo which assigns responsibilities for upkeep that are jealously guarded by each denomination.
Palestinian officials say they've addressed the concerns by the churches.
In Bethlehem's Manger Square, next to the shrine, reaction was relatively muted Friday.
A celebration organized by local officials only brought several dozen people to the square, including youngsters in yellow T-shirts with the inscription "I love Jesus."
Palestinian Tourism Minister Rula Ma'ayah said she hopes the new heritage listing will bring more visitors. Currently, some 100,000 tourists come to Bethlehem every month.
Shop and hotel owners routinely complain they lose business because Israeli-run tour buses stop in Bethlehem just long enough for a visit to the church and then take pilgrims back to Jerusalem, a few kilometers (miles) to the north. During a recent visit, most shops on Star Street, part of the pilgrimage route, were closed.
Nabil Ziacaman, a souvenir shop owner, said Friday's vote is a step toward recognizing a state of Palestine, but won't help his business. "Everyone in the world knows the Church of the Nativity and where it is located," he said. The new label "won't bring more tourism."
Christina Yacoub, 20, from Lakeland, Florida, was more enthusiastic. Emerging from the church, said she expected more pilgrims now. The vote "shows how important this country is."
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