北溪2號：莫斯科誓言反制華盛頓
北溪2號天然氣管道的建設停止後，俄羅斯譴責美國對該項目的製裁是不可接受的違反國際法的行為。莫斯科政府正在製定對策。
（德國之聲中文網）與德國不同，俄羅斯決定以反制措施回應美國對波羅的海北溪2號（Nord Stream 2）天然氣管道工程的製裁。據俄羅斯國際傳真社報導，俄外長拉夫羅夫（Sergei Lavrov）表示，絕不會對"完全不可接受的美國的粗暴行徑"聽之任之，儘管受到美國的製裁，北溪2號仍會投入運營。
俄總理德梅德韋傑夫（Dmitry Medvedev）指示內閣制定對策。他說，美國阻止管道項目的企圖違反了國際貿易的所有原則。此前，克里姆林宮領導人普京（Wladimir Putin）曾威脅將採取反制措施。
俄羅斯指責美國干涉其歐洲的天然氣管道工程是出於經濟利益的考慮，目的是為了出售自己昂貴的液化天然氣。
美國總統特朗普在上週末簽署了一份制裁令，其矛頭主要針對參與波羅的海管道鋪設工程的承建公司以及該項目的開發商。制裁措施包括禁止參建公司與個人入境美國以及凍結其在美國的資產。
特朗普認為該管道將加劇德國對俄羅斯天然氣的依賴，並指責德國對此視而不見，聽之任之。然而由俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司主導的該項目也受到部分歐洲國家的批評。他們主要是擔心由此會削弱替代管道和傳統管道過境國的經濟。但是支持者們認為，該工程可以確保歐洲的能源供應以及降低能源價格。
即將完工
瑞士的Allseas公司使用特殊的船隻將管道鋪設在波羅的海的海底。但是現在該公司已宣布停工暫避風險。美國參議員威脅說，如果該公司繼續參與管道的建設工作，將自食其果。
北溪2號的建設已近尾聲。該管道繞過波蘭和烏克蘭，其大部分線路與現有的北溪管道平行。該管道始於聖彼得堡西部的俄羅斯海岸，終點位於德國東北部格賴夫斯瓦爾德附近的魯布敏。已經鋪設的雙管總長度超過2000多公裡，現在只剩大約300公裡。該管道原定於2019年年底前完工。
李京慧/凝煉(德新社、路透社)
Nord Stream (former names: North Transgas and North European Gas Pipeline; Russian: Северный поток, Severny potok) is a system of offshore natural gas pipelines from Russia to Germany. It includes two lines running from Vyborg to Greifswald forming original Nord Stream (Nord Stream 1), and two lines running from Ust-Luga to Greifswald termed Nord Stream 2. Nord Stream is owned and operated by Nord Stream AG, whose majority shareholder is the Russian state company Gazprom, and Nord Stream 2 is owned and will be operated by Nord Stream 2 AG, a wholly owned subsidiary of Gazprom. The first line of Nord Stream was laid by May 2011 and was inaugurated on 8 November 2011.[1][2] The second line of Nord Stream was laid in 2011–2012 and was inaugurated on 8 October 2012. At 1,222 kilometres (759 mi) in length, Nord Stream is the longest sub-sea pipeline in the world, surpassing the Langeled pipeline.[3][4] Laying Nord Stream 2 was carried out in 2018–2019, and before the imposition of U.S. sanctions which halted the work, it was expected to become operational in mid-2020.[5] Nord Stream and Nord Stream 2 have a total annual capacity of 55 billion cubic metres (1.9 trillion cubic feet) both.[6][7][8] Both projects have been opposed by the United States as well as several Central and Eastern European countries because of concerns that it would increase Russia's influence in the region.
The name "Nord Stream" occasionally refers to a wider pipeline network, including the feeding onshore pipeline in the Russian Federation, and further connections in Western Europe.
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DW.COM
- 日期 24.12.2019
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