解讀耶路撒冷百年歷史
一座「聖城」如何成為衝突的中心
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本週，美國承認耶路撒冷為以色列首都。圍繞這座城市的衝突可追溯千年，但當前這場衝突完全是20世紀的事，根源在於殖民主義、民族主義和反猶太主義。
耶路撒冷是猶太教、基督教和伊斯蘭教的聖地，在小小的舊城區不但有猶太人尊崇的西牆和聖殿山，還有伊斯蘭教聖地圓頂清真寺與阿克薩清真寺，以及基督教聖地聖墓教堂。
青年外流特拉維夫
以色列雖然一直視耶路撒冷為首都，但近40%人口是巴勒斯坦人，1967年以色列奪下東耶路撒冷後，雖讓巴勒斯坦人繼續居住和工作，但不給予投票權。雖然他們可申請以色列公民身分，但多數認為這形同承認以色列統治而意願不高。巴勒斯坦人一直盼望建國後以東耶城為首都。
耶路撒冷雖有許多著名學府，如希伯萊大學的肇建者愛因斯坦和佛洛伊德，但當地極端正統派猶太學校不願教基本學科，降低學生競爭力。該市也是以色列最貧窮區域，年輕人畢業後往往搬到特拉維夫尋求金融和高科技類的工作。
耶城每逢猶太人的安息日，街上幾乎無車輛行人、宛如空城，許多有錢猶太人雖在這買了度假屋但極少出現，更加深了空城的印象。記者郭美孜
Jerusalem - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem
Jerusalem
ירושלים (Hebrew)
القُدس (Arabic)
City
From upper left: Jerusalem skyline looking north from St. Elijah Monastery, a souq in the Old City, Mamilla Mall, the Knesset, the Dome of the Rock, the citadel (known as the Tower of David) and the Old City walls, and the Western Wall.
Flag
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): Ir ha-Kodesh (The Holy City),
Bayt al-Maqdis (House of the Holiness)
Jerusalem
Coordinates:
31°47′N 35°13′ECoordinates: 31°47′N 35°13′EAdministered by
IsraelClaimed by Israel and Palestine[note 1]
Israeli district Jerusalem
Palestinian governorate Jerusalem
Gihon Springsettlement 4500 BCE
City of David 1010 BCE
Present Old City walls built 1541
East-West Jerusalem division 1948
Reunification 1967
Jerusalem Law 1980
Government
• Type Mayor–council
• Body Jerusalem Municipality
• Israeli mayor Nir Barkat (Likud)
• Palestinian mayor (East) Zaki al-Ghul (titular)
Area
• City 125,156 dunams(125.156 km2 or 48.323 sq mi)
• Metro 652,000 dunams (652 km2 or 252 sq mi)
Elevation 754 m (2,474 ft)
Population (2016)[4]
• City 882,652
• Density 7,100/km2 (18,000/sq mi)
• Metro[5] 1,253,900
Demonym(s) Jerusalemite (Yerushalmi)
Qudsi/Maqdisi
Demographics (2016)[6]
• Jewish 64%
• Arab 35%
• others 1%
Time zone IST, PST (UTC+02:00)
• Summer (DST) IDT, PDT (UTC+03:00)
Postal code 9XXXXXX
Area code +972-2
Website jerusalem.muni.il (Israeli)
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls
Type Cultural
Criteria ii, iii, vi
Designated 1981
Reference no. 148
Region Jerusalem District
Endangered 1982–present
“Jerusalem is the house of the one God, the capital of two peoples, the temple of three religions and she is the only city to exist twice―in heaven and on earth: the peerless grace of the terrestrial is as nothing to the glories of the celestial.”
―JERUSALEM: The Biography (2011) by Simon Sebag Montefiore
Jerusalem is the epic history of three thousand years of faith, fanaticism, bloodshed, and coexistence, from King David to the 21st century, from the birth of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam to the Israel-Palestine conflict. How did this small, remote town become the Holy City, the “center of the world” and now the key to peace in the Middle East? In a gripping narrative, Simon Sebag Montefiore reveals this ever-changing city in its many incarnations, bringing every epoch and character blazingly to life. Jerusalem’s biography is told through the wars, love affairs, and revelations of the men and women who created, destroyed, chronicled and believed in Jerusalem. As well as the many ordinary Jerusalemites who have left their mark on the city, its cast varies from Solomon, Saladin and Suleiman the Magnificent to Cleopatra, Caligula and Churchill; from Abraham to Jesus and Muhammad; from the ancient world of Jezebel, Nebuchadnezzar, Herod and Nero to the modern times of the Kaiser, Disraeli, Mark Twain, Lincoln, Rasputin, Lawrence of Arabia and Moshe Dayan. In this masterful narrative, Simon Sebag Montefiore brings the holy city to life and draws on the latest scholarship, his own family history, and a lifetime of study to show that the story of Jerusalem is truly the story of the world. READ an excerpt here: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/…/jerusalem-by-simon-se…/
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